Our clinical results show that 3D model building is an excellent method for 3D preoperative planning. Dependent on the number of steps, however, there are many possibilities of failures. Standardization and quality control of data acquisition and industrial manufacturing must be recommended. This is especially important for stereolithography, as it is definitely more complex than the milling technique. One possibility seems to be the use of phantom models. Another factor is that the surgeon has to be involved in the essential steps of data analysis and segmentation. Based on our experience, the building of 3D CT skull models is a clinically efficient method that is mature enough for clinical use, but cannot yet be accepted as the clinical routine. Quality assurance is urgently necessary.
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