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IL-35 modulates Tfh2 and Tfr cell balance to alleviate allergic rhinitis.

Inflamm Res

January 2025

Department of Otolaryngology, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, China.

Background: Allergic rhinitis (AR) represents a persistent inflammatory condition affecting the upper respiratory tract, characterized by abnormal initiation of the immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated cascade. Follicular helper T (Tfh) cells and regulatory T (Tfr) cells are pivotal in orchestrating the development of IgE production in AR patients. IL-35, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, secreted by various cellular subpopulations.

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Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 redundantly control clonal deletion and contribute to an anergy-like transcriptome in auto-reactive thymocytes to impose tolerance in mice.

Nat Commun

January 2025

Division of Rheumatology, Rosalind Russell and Ephraim P. Engleman Arthritis Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94143, USA.

The Nr4a nuclear hormone receptors are transcriptionally upregulated in response to antigen recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) in the thymus and are implicated in clonal deletion, but the mechanisms by which they operate are not clear. Moreover, their role in central tolerance is obscured by redundancy among the Nr4a family members and by their reported functions in Treg generation and maintenance. Here we take advantage of competitive bone marrow chimeras and the OT-II/RIPmOVA model to show that Nr4a1 and Nr4a3 are essential for the upregulation of Bcl2l11/BIM and thymic clonal deletion by self-antigen.

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Introduction: SLE is a chronic autoimmune disease that results in sustained hyperactivation of innate and adaptive immune cells and widespread inflammatory damage. Regular exercise reduces SLE symptoms including fatigue and joint pain and improves patient quality of life. However, most individuals with SLE are not sufficiently active to achieve these benefits, and guidance on the optimal approach to exercise is limited.

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Neutrophils were historically considered a homogenous population of cells with functions limited to innate immunity against external threats. However, with the rise of immunotherapy, recent works have shown that neutrophils are also important actors in immuno-oncology. In this context, neutrophils appear as a more heterogenous population of cells.

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Current advancements in cellular immunotherapy for autoimmune disease.

Semin Immunopathol

January 2025

Department of Dermatology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

The management of autoimmune diseases is currently limited by therapies that largely suppress the immune system, often resulting in partial and temporary remissions. Cellular immunotherapies offer a targeted approach by redirecting immune cells to correct the underlying autoimmunity. This review explores the latest advances in cellular immunotherapies for autoimmune diseases, focusing on various strategies, such as the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, chimeric auto-antibody receptor (CAAR) T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), and tolerogenic dendritic cells (TolDCs).

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