This article is a brief review of the radiologic-pathologic correlation of central nervous lesions occurring in patients with AIDS. The major discussions of the imaging appearance and radiologic differential diagnosis have been presented elsewhere in this issue. Our emphasis is on the gross pathologic correlations that are only possible with autopsy materials. We will illustrate the opportunistic neoplasms such as primary CNS lymphoma. This article also discusses the imaging and pathology of the common opportunistic infections. Toxoplasmosis, an obligate intracellular protozoan, is the most common CNS infection producing a mass lesion in AIDS. However, AIDS encephalitis, a direct infection of the brain by the HIV-1 virus itself, may actually be more prevalent. Other viral infections occurring in AIDS include progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. Fungal diseases infecting the central nervous system of AIDS patients include cryptococcus, aspergillosis, and mucormycosis. The primary purpose of this article is to demonstrate how the gross pathology correlates with the radiologic images.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
---|
Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol
March 2025
Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN, 55902, USA. Electronic address:
Sarcoidosis is a complex multisystem inflammatory disease characterized by noncaseating granulomas and variable clinical manifestations, most commonly affecting the lungs, skin, heart, and nervous system. Imaging is central in its diagnosis, staging, and management, providing essential insights into organ involvement and disease activity. Pulmonary manifestations remain the hallmark, with modalities such as high-resolution chest computed tomography (CT) and chest radiography offering critical diagnostic clues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt Psychogeriatr
March 2025
Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. Electronic address:
Background: Previous trials have shown improvements in both apathy and cognition with methylphenidate (MPH).
Objectives: To assess whether changes in apathy correlated with changes in cognition in the Apathy in Dementia Methylphenidate Trial 2 (ADMET 2).
Participants: Mild to moderate AD patients with clinically significant apathy randomized to MPH (20 mg/day) or placebo for 6 months.
BMJ Case Rep
March 2025
Radiology, King's College London, London, UK.
A boy in middle childhood with a history of early morning headaches presented to secondary care after being found to have bilateral papilloedema by his community optometrist. CT head showed a large right-sided heterogeneous calcific and haemorrhagic mass causing marked mass effect and midline shift. Preoperatively, the lesion was characterised on MRI as a haemorrhagic mass with a 'popcorn' appearance suggestive of a giant cavernous malformation measuring 6.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Syst
March 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. Electronic address:
Direct conversion generates patient-specific, disease-relevant cell types, such as neurons, that are rare, limited, or difficult to isolate from common and easily accessible cells, such as skin cells. However, low rates of direct conversion and complex protocols limit scalability and, thus, the potential of cell-fate conversion for biomedical applications. Here, we optimize the conversion protocol by examining process parameters, including transcript design; delivery via adeno-associated virus (AAV), retrovirus, and lentivirus; cell seeding density; and the impact of media conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Infect Public Health
March 2025
Laboratory of Infection and Virology, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Core Technologies for the Prevention and Treatment of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Children, Beijing, China; Research Unit of Critical Infection in Children, 2019RU016, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
Background: Hospitalized children experience mortality as a result of infections. Since the COVID-19 outbreak in early 2020, China's strict prevention measures have curbed pathogen transmission, altering infection-related epidemiology. The Futang Research Center of Pediatric Development has collected the face sheet of discharge medical records (FSMRs) data from 27 tertiary children's hospitals since January 2016, which facilitate us to investigate this issue.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!