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Fentanyl is a potent synthetic opioid widely used perioperatively and illicitly as a drug of abuse . It is well established that fentanyl acts as a μ-opioid receptor agonist, signaling through Gα intracellular pathways to inhibit electrical excitability, resulting in analgesia and respiratory depression . However, fentanyl uniquely also triggers muscle rigidity, including respiratory muscles, hindering the ability to execute central respiratory commands or to receive external resuscitation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPractice Advisory for Postoperative Pain Management of Thoracic Surgical Patients: Executive Summary: A Report by Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists.
J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth
December 2024
Department of Anesthesiology, Missoula Anesthesiology and The International Heart Institute of Montana, Missoula, MT.
Patients after thoracic surgery experience significant pain that can disrupt normal respiratory mechanics, increase the risk of respiratory complications, and impair recovery. Poorly controlled postoperative pain can develop into persistent postoperative pain. In addition, using opioids for pain control in the thoracic surgical population makes them more susceptible to opioid-related side effects due to their pre-existing comorbidities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnalgesic Activity of the Low Molecular Weight Neurotrophin-3 Dipeptide Mimetic GTS-301.
Dokl Biochem Biophys
January 2025
Federal Research Center for Innovator and Emerging Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Technologies, Moscow, Russia.
It was previously shown that the original dipeptide mimetic of the 4th loop of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) hexamethylenediamide bis-(N-monosuccinyl-L-asparaginyl-L-asparagine) (GTS-301), like the full-length neurotrophin, predominantly activates the tyrosine kinase receptor TrkC and has a neuroprotective effect in vitro at concentrations of 10-10 M, as well as antidiabetic (0.1 and 0.5 mg/kg) and antidepressant (5 and 10 mg/kg) effects after systemic administration in rodents.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTranscutaneous vagus nerve stimulation as a pain modulator in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial.
BMC Musculoskelet Disord
January 2025
Department of Physical Medicine, Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, faculty of medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
Background: Our understanding of osteoarthritis (OA) has evolved from a degenerative disease to one in which low-grade, chronic inflammation plays a central role. In addition, evidence suggests that OA is accompanied by both peripheral and central nervous system sensitization that can cause pain. It has been demonstrated that transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation (tVNS) can relieve pain, inflammation, and central sensitization in other conditions including fibromyalgia, pelvic pain, and headaches.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPolymer-based vaccines for substance use disorders: Targeting ketamine and methamphetamine with protein-free hyperbranched polyethyleneimine carriers.
Eur J Med Chem
January 2025
Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, 130022, China; School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, China. Electronic address:
Substance use disorders (SUDs) present a critical global health challenge, as current treatment options often prove insufficient, particularly for substances like ketamine and methamphetamine. In this study, we developed a novel immunotherapeutic strategy utilizing protein-free, polymer-based vaccines, with hyperbranched polyethylenimine (Hb-PEI) as a carrier to enhance immune specificity and remove the production of non-specific antibodies. Haptens for ketamine and methamphetamine were covalently conjugated to the Hb-PEI carrier, along with the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 7/8 agonist 1V209, to stimulate targeted humoral immune responses.
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