[Performance of the IgG avidity test in patients with cytomegalovirus disease].

Background: IgG antibodies produced early in infection has a low avidity to their respective epitopes, so that an assay to detect those antibodies could be easily used to diagnose a recent primary infection. A prospective study of anti-CMV IgG avidity test in patients with microbiological evidence of active CMV infection was made.

Methods: One hundred thirty-five patients were studied. All patients sera were tested for CMV antibodies "pool" IgG/IgM, IgM and antibody IgG avidity index (AI). Furthermore, samples of blood leucocytes from immunosuppressed patients to detect CMV viremia by conventional and shell-vial cell culture isolation and to detect CMV antigenemia, were processed. The avidity index IgG-CMV (AI IgG-CMV) less than 60% was defined as a positive result. CMV infection and disease were defined.

Results: The avidity index was < 60% in 16.3% of all patients and in 68.7% of patients with CMV disease. AI IgG-CMV was positive in 81.8% of patients with primary CMV disease and 9.1% with secondary CMV disease. The mean avidity index reading was 35% in primary CMV disease, 88.3% in secondary CMV disease (p < 0.001) and 87.9% in infected patients without CMV disease criterion (p < 0.001). The sensitivity, specificity, VPP and VPN of avidity index IgG-CMV were 85.7%, 97.4%, 75.0% and 94.9% respectively, in primary CMV disease diagnostic respect to all patients with microbiological evidence of active CMV infection.

Conclusions: Avidity index IgG-CMV seems to be a good serological test to diagnose primary CMV disease with only one serum, probably with independence of patients immune state.