CD4 is a transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, expressed on developing thymocytes, major histocompatibility class II (class II MHC) restricted mature T lymphocytes and, in humans, on cells of the macrophage/monocyte lineage. On lymphoid cells, CD4 plays a critical role during thymocyte ontogeny and in the function of mature T cells. CD4 binds to non-polymorphic regions of class II MHC acting as a co-receptor for the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR). It increases avidity between thymocytes and antigen-presenting cells and contributes directly to signal transduction through association with the Src-like protein tyrosine kinase p56lck. Its precise role on monocytes and macrophages is unclear. CD4 is also a co-receptor for the human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1, HIV-2 and SIV). Clinically, CD4 antibodies may be used to achieve immunological tolerance to grafts and transplants.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1357-2725(96)00154-9 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Sex Affects Cognitive Outcomes in HIV-1 Tat Transgenic Mice: Role of CCR5.
ASN Neuro
January 2025
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA.
People living with HIV (PLWH) experience HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), even though combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) suppresses HIV replication. HIV-1 transactivator of transcription (HIV-1 Tat) contributes to the development of HAND through neuroinflammatory and neurotoxic mechanisms. C-C chemokine 5 receptor (CCR5) is important in immune cell targeting and is a co-receptor for HIV viral entry into CD4+ cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunity to ( ) is sexually dimorphic in humans and mice, with females having higher morbidity and mortality during immune dysfunction and HIV-AIDS. The mechanisms underlying these sex differences are unclear. We investigated how a lack of CD4+ T cells (CD4 co-receptor KO) impacted survival in mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn vivo evolution of env in SHIV-AD8-infected rhesus macaques after AAV-vectored delivery of eCD4-Ig.
Mol Ther
December 2024
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Herbert Wertheim UF Scripps Institute for Biomedical Innovation and Technology, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA. Electronic address:
eCD4-immunoglobulin (Ig) is an HIV entry inhibitor that mimics the engagement of both CD4 and CCR5 with the HIV envelope (Env) protein, a property that imbues it with remarkable potency and breadth. However, env is exceptionally genetically malleable and can evolve to escape a wide variety of entry inhibitors. Here we document the evolution of partial eCD4-Ig resistance in SHIV-AD8-infected rhesus macaques (RMs) treated with adeno-associated virus vectors encoding eCD4-Ig.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnti-HIV-1 HSPC-based gene therapy with safety kill switch to defend against and attack HIV-1 infection.
bioRxiv
November 2024
UCLA AIDS Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90024.
Article Synopsis
- HSPC-based gene therapy shows potential for long-term HIV-1 remission after a single treatment, using a lentiviral vector to deliver three anti-HIV-1 genes.
- Two of the genes focus on preventing infection by targeting the CCR5 co-receptor and inhibiting fusion of the virus, while the third gene is designed to attack infected cells.
- The therapy was successful in humanized mouse models, significantly reducing HIV-1 viral load and allowing for safe removal of modified cells if necessary, demonstrating both effectiveness and safety of the approach.
Phenotypic Characterization of Subtype A and Recombinant AC Transmitted/Founder Viruses from a Rwandan HIV-1 Heterosexual Transmission Cohort.
Viruses
October 2024
Emory Vaccine Center, Emory National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
HIV-1 subtypes have distinct geographical distributions, with subtypes A, C, and D and inter-subtype recombinants circulating in sub-Saharan Africa. Historically, individuals living with subtype A viruses exhibit slower CD4 decline and progression to AIDS diagnosis. Despite this, there are few authentic infectious molecular clones (IMCs) of subtype A or AC recombinant transmitted founder (TF) viruses with which to investigate viral impacts on pathogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!