The main problems involved in estimating the cost of medical service are discussed. Up to the present time, there was no universal approaches to price formation in practical public health. Economists and public health organizers are not trained to cope with this task. Based on the results of five-year studies and published data, the author present in detail the methodology of practical price formation and offer the typical problems in price estimation. The recommendations contained in this paper will help improve the work of specialists in price formation and aid all those engaged in the sphere of paid medical service.
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Biomolecules
January 2025
Solid Tumour Group, Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Central Adelaide Local Health Network, Woodville South, Adelaide, SA 5011, Australia.
Background: Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype with limited treatment options and high resistance to chemotherapy. Doxorubicin is commonly used, but its efficacy is limited by variable sensitivity and resistance. Bacopaside II, a saponin compound, has shown anti-cancer potential.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFElife
January 2025
Janelia Research Campus, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Ashburn, United States.
Techniques that enable precise manipulations of subsets of neurons in the fly central nervous system (CNS) have greatly facilitated our understanding of the neural basis of behavior. Split-GAL4 driver lines allow specific targeting of cell types in and other species. We describe here a collection of 3060 lines targeting a range of cell types in the adult CNS and 1373 lines characterized in third-instar larvae.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Ecol Evol
January 2025
Division of Biological and Life Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Ahmedabad University, Commerce Six Road, Navrangpura, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 380009, India.
Wings are primarily used in flight but also play a role in mating behaviour in many insects. Drosophila species exhibit a variety of pigmentation patterns on their wings. In some sexually dimorphic Drosophilids, a pigmented spot pattern is found at the top-right edge of the male wings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrason Sonochem
January 2025
Department of Food Engineering, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Food Science and Engineering, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Grain Food and Comprehensive Processing, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150028, Heilongjiang, China. Electronic address:
Heat facilitates aggregation and gel formation of soybean proteins. Ultrasonic reduces the size of protein aggregates. This study examined the impact of glycinin (11S) subunits on soybean lipophilic proteins (SLPs) gel formation and underlying mechanisms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppl Microbiol Biotechnol
January 2025
Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland.
Metagenomes present a source for novel enzymes, but under 1% of environmental microbes are cultivatable. Because of its useful properties, Escherichia coli has been used as a host organism in functional genomic screens. However, due to differing expression machineries in the expression host compared to the source organism of the DNA sequences, screening outcomes can be biased.
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