The rate of purified protein derivative (PPD) conversion in workers at our hospital increased to 1.7% in 1991. After implementation of mandatory respiratory isolation of patients with community-acquired pneumonia, the rate dropped to 0.6%. This policy may protect workers in institutions where the majority of patients with pneumonia have risk factors for tuberculosis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/647675 | DOI Listing |
Lancet Child Adolesc Health
December 2024
Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
Background: Paediatric tuberculosis leads to more than 200 000 deaths annually. We aimed to investigate the incidence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and tuberculosis disease in the first decade of life in the Drakenstein Child Health Study (DCHS), a South African cohort in a community with high tuberculosis and HIV incidence.
Methods: In this prospective birth cohort study, we enrolled pregnant women aged 18 years or older who were between 20 and 28 weeks' of gestation in a peri-urban setting outside of Cape Town, South Africa.
Infect Drug Resist
September 2024
Infectious Diseases Division, Icddr,B, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Background: Around one-quarter of the global population has latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). If left untreated, LTBI has 5-10% lifetime risk of developing into TB. Interferon-gamma release Assays (IGRAs) are more sensitive than the tuberculin skin test for LTBI detection.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Glob Health
September 2024
Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Health Decision Science, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Background: Individuals who were formerly incarcerated have high tuberculosis incidence, but are generally not considered among the risk groups eligible for tuberculosis prevention. We investigated the potential health impact and cost-effectiveness of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection screening and tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) for individuals who were formerly incarcerated in Brazil.
Methods: Using published evidence for Brazil, we constructed a Markov state transition model estimating tuberculosis-related health outcomes and costs among individuals who were formerly incarcerated, by simulating transitions between health states over time.
Eur Respir Rev
July 2024
Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.
Tuberculosis (TB) is caused by (). Following infection, immune responses to antigens can be measured using the tuberculin skin test or an interferon-γ release assay. The gain of immunoreactivity, a change from a negative to a positive tuberculin skin test or interferon-γ release assay result, is called conversion and has long been used as a measure of exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrop Med Infect Dis
April 2024
Department of Population and Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
Reductions in tuberculosis (TB) incidence require identification of individuals at high risk of developing active disease, such as those with recent () infection. Using a prospective household contact (HHC) study in Kampala, Uganda, we diagnosed new infection using both the tuberculin skin test (TST) and interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA). Our study aimed to determine if the TST adds additional value to the characterization of IGRA converters.
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