This article discusses and questions a study by Rekers and Lovaas (1974), which sought to "normalize" a young boy's sex-role behavior. The reasons given for treatment and the treatment itself are questioned. The ethical implications of the treatment and its outcome are then discussed, and alternative treatment procedures are suggested. Finally, the experimenters' description of the feminine sex-role is criticized.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1977.10-553 | DOI Listing |
Rehabil Psychol
January 2025
Department of Public Health, Davidson College.
Purpose/objective: People often view individuals with disabilities as incapable of working, contributing to society, and forming relationships. Therefore, it is important to develop interventions to reduce those negative stereotypes. Increasing accurate disability representation is one way to counteract those stereotypes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCortex
December 2024
Laboratory of Social and Cognitive Psychology, Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, Clermont-Ferrand, France.
Age-Based Stereotype Threat (ABST) adversely affects older adults' memory performance by inducing anxiety and interfering thoughts related to negative stereotypes about aging and memory decline. While well-documented in laboratory settings, the relevance of ABST in real-life clinical contexts remains underexplored. This narrative review examines the effects of ABST and its implications for cognitive aging, emphasizing the importance of addressing ABST in clinical settings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEcol Evol
December 2024
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology Brown University Providence Rhode Island USA.
We observed a novel, nocturnal cleaning interaction between a cleaner shrimp (Genus ) and the giant moray eel () on a lagoonal patch reef in Moorea, French Polynesia. Over the course of an 85-min foraging bout (recorded on video by a snorkeler), we observed three separate, stereotyped cleaning interactions between and a cleaner shrimp in the genus Urocaridella (which surveys of Moorea biodiversity previously visually identified as ). During these interactions, the shrimp would slowly crawl along one of the eel's flanks towards its head, enter its mouth, emerge on the other side of its head, then crawl back towards the reef along the eel's opposite flank, often causing it to jolt in response.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
January 2025
The Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control of Guangdong Province, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510530, China; National Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China. Electronic address:
A low dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration in summer has been observed in river-estuary systems worldwide. Many studies have caused our stereotype that biochemical oxygen depletion was higher in summer than in winter; however, there was no direct evidence particularly in the tidal river with complex hydrological and biochemical processes. This study employed natural-abundance and labeled isotopes to quantify seasonal apportionment of biochemical oxygen depletion.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBr J Dev Psychol
December 2024
Department of Primary Education, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
Fear and fearlessness are two distinct emotional responses that can occur when a person faces a potentially dangerous situation. These responses seem to be linked to gender stereotypes (fearful female and fearless male). This study examines whether preschool children attribute fear and fearlessness stereotypically in relation to gender and whether their attributions vary as a function of age and gender.
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