Part I of this review has already been presented on methods of processing and purification of crude or raw samples in cell-culture or cell free systems. Part II of the review focuses on the in vivo models of determination of input oligonucleotides in both non-primates and primates. Emphasis has been given to the techniques developed for quantification of oligonucleotides or their metabolites from biological samples including blood, plasma, serum, urine and other tissues.
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