The possibility to use the antibiotic olivomycin for fluorescence cytochemistry of chromatin properties has been shown. It is found that the binding of olivomycin to nuclei reveals the functional state of chromatin and changes in the course of its activation. The essential condition for the application of the method described is the use of ethanol-aceton fixative. When other fixatives are used, in particular 70% ethanol, olivomycin binding reflects differences in nuclear DNA amount, rather than those in chromatin properties. The advantages of the method described, in comparison with the commonly used technique, are associated with the high affinity of olivomycin to DNA, absence of olivomycin binding with RNA, simplicity of the staining procedures , and with rather a high stability of complexes formed between olivomycin and DNA.
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