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Ecological insights into the microbiology of food using metagenomics and its potential surveillance applications.
Microb Genom
January 2025
Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, UK.
A diverse array of micro-organisms can be found on food, including those that are pathogenic or resistant to antimicrobial drugs. Metagenomics involves extracting and sequencing the DNA of all micro-organisms on a sample, and here, we used a combination of culture and culture-independent approaches to investigate the microbial ecology of food to assess the potential application of metagenomics for the microbial surveillance of food. We cultured common foodborne pathogens and other organisms including , spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction to the Use of Microbial Communities.
Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol
November 2024
University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Microbes are the third major group of biospheric organisms after plants and animals. They are responsible for many natural circulations, including the rotation of elements. They return organic carbon for plants' use and dissolve minerals into organic cycles.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDysbiosis-epigenetics-immune system interaction and ageing health problems.
J Med Microbiol
November 2024
Oncology Department, Vejle Hospital, Vejle, Denmark.
The growing interest in microbiota-epigenetics-immune system research stems from the understanding that microbiota, a group of micro-organisms colonized in the human body, can influence the gene expression through epigenetic mechanisms and interaction with the immune system. Epigenetics refers to changes in gene activity that are not caused by the alteration in the DNA sequence itself. The clinical significance of this research lies in the potential to develop new therapies for diseases linked to the imbalance of these microbial species (dysbiosis), such as cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRoot inoculation with soil-borne microorganisms alters gut bacterial communities and performance of the leaf-chewer Spodoptera exigua.
Environ Microbiol Rep
December 2024
Biodiversity and Interactions Between Micro-organisms/Insects/Plants (IMIP), Institut de Recherche sur la Biologie de l'Insecte (IRBI)-UMR 7261 CNRS/Université de Tours, Tours, France.
Soil-borne microorganisms can impact leaf-chewing insect fitness by modifying plant nutrition and defence. Whether the altered insect performance is linked to changes in microbial partners of caterpillars remains unclear. We investigated the effects of root inoculation with soil bacteria or fungi on the gut bacterial community and biomass of the folivore Spodoptera exigua.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCTLA-4 expressing innate lymphoid cells modulate mucosal homeostasis in a microbiota dependent manner.
Nat Commun
November 2024
School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
The maintenance of intestinal homeostasis is a fundamental process critical for organismal integrity. Sitting at the interface of the gut microbiome and mucosal immunity, adaptive and innate lymphoid populations regulate the balance between commensal micro-organisms and pathogens. Checkpoint inhibitors, particularly those targeting the CTLA-4 pathway, disrupt this fine balance and can lead to inflammatory bowel disease and immune checkpoint colitis.
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