Self-serving biases, found routinely in Western samples, have not been observed in Asian samples. Yet given the orientation toward individualism and collectivism in these 2 cultures, respectively, it is imperative to examine whether parallel differences emerge when the target of evaluation is the group. It may be that Asians show a group-serving bias parallel to the Western self-serving bias. In 2 studies, group-serving biases were compared across European Canadian, Asian Canadian, and Japanese students. Study 1 revealed that Japanese students evaluated a family member less positively than did both groups of Canadian students. Study 2 replicated this pattern with students' evaluations of their universities. The data suggest that cultural differences in enhancement biases are robust, generalizing to individuals' evaluations of their groups.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.72.6.1268 | DOI Listing |
Radiology
September 2024
From the Department of Radiology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No 197 Ruijin 2nd Rd, Huangpu District, Shanghai 200025, China (H.L., X.X., R.D., X.C., H.D., F.Y.); CT Collaboration, Siemens Healthineers, Shanghai, China (Z.X.); and College of Health Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China (F.Y.).
Background Traditional energy-integrating detector CT has limited utility in accurately quantifying liver fat due to protocol-induced CT value shifts, but this limitation can be addressed by using photon-counting detector (PCD) CT, which allows for a standardized CT value. Purpose To develop and validate a universal CT to MRI fat conversion formula to enhance fat quantification accuracy across various PCD CT protocols relative to MRI proton density fat fraction (PDFF). Materials and Methods In this prospective study, the feasibility of fat quantification was evaluated in phantoms with various nominal fat fractions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pain
February 2025
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
Introduction: This study examines the effects of a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program on psychological measures and attentional patterns to pain stimuli, using eye-tracking methods, in individuals with chronic pain.
Method: Thirty-two participants with chronic pain and no prior mindfulness experience were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a waiting list group. Both groups completed self-report measures of symptoms, well-being, and an attentional disengagement task using emotional faces as stimuli.
Pers Soc Psychol Bull
October 2022
University of California, Santa Barbara, USA.
The widespread threat of contagious disease disrupts not only everyday life but also psychological experience. Building on findings regarding xenophobic responses to contagious diseases, this research investigates how perceived vulnerability to a disease moderates the psychological link between people's xenophobic thoughts and support for ingroup-protective actions. Three datasets collected during the time of Ebola ( = 867) and COVID-19 (s = 992 and 926) measured perceived disease risk, group-serving biases (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPers Soc Psychol Bull
August 2015
Syracuse University, NY, USA.
It has been well established in the literature that affirming the individual self reduces the tendency to exhibit group-favoring biases. The limited research examining group-affirmation and bias, however, is inconclusive. We argue that group-affirmation can exacerbate group-serving biases in certain contexts, and in the current set of studies, we document this phenomenon directly.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
April 2015
AgResearch, Hopkirk Research Institute, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
In both humans and animals, controversy exists concerning the duration of protection induced by BCG vaccine against tuberculosis (TB) and whether revaccination enhances protection. A long-term study was undertaken to determine whether BCG-vaccinated calves would be protected against challenge with Mycobacterium bovis 2½ years after vaccination and to determine the effect of revaccination after 2 years. Seventy-nine calves were divided into five groups (n = 15-17 calves/group) with four of the groups vaccinated subcutaneously with 105 CFU of BCG Danish at 2-4 weeks of age and the fifth group serving as non-vaccinated controls.
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