Arginine decarboxylase is present in the kidney and metabolizes the amino acid, arginine, to agmatine. Agmatine increases filtration rate in single nephrons (J. J. Lortie, W. F. Novotny, O. W. Peterson, V. Vallon, K. Malvey, M. Mendonca, J. Satriano, P. Insel, S. C. Thomson, and R. C. Blantz. J. Clin. Invest. 97:413-420, 1996). Experiments were conducted to determine whether exogenously administered agmatine exerts these effects via interaction with nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and whether this interaction depends upon alpha 2-adrenergic receptors. Agmatine microperfused (1 microM) into the urinary space of surface glomeruli of the rat increased nephron filtration rate from 33 +/- 4 to 40 +/- 5 nl/min with complete recovery within 10 min. When NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA), a nonselective NOS inhibitor, was systemically infused, agmatine no longer increased single-nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR). BHT-933, an alpha 2-adrenergic agonist, did not increase SNGFR and was unaffected by concurrent L-NMMA. In vitro incubation of freshly harvested glomeruli with agmatine resulted in significant increases in the generation of cGMP, effects similar to carbachol, and blocked by nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) but not yohimbine, an alpha 2-adrenergic antagonist. Agmatine exerts effects on glomerular ultrafiltration via a constitutive NOS-dependent mechanism, and this does not require the participation of alpha 2-adrenoreceptors.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.5.F597 | DOI Listing |
JAMA Intern Med
January 2025
Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.
Importance: No large randomized clinical trial has directly compared empagliflozin with dapagliflozin, leaving their comparative effectiveness regarding kidney outcomes unknown.
Objective: To compare kidney outcomes between initiation of empagliflozin vs dapagliflozin in adults with type 2 diabetes who were receiving antihyperglycemic treatment.
Design, Setting, And Participants: This target trial emulation used nationwide, population-based routinely collected Danish health care data to compare initiation of empagliflozin vs dapagliflozin in adults with type 2 diabetes who received antihyperglycemic treatment between June 1, 2014, and October 31, 2020.
Front Med (Lausanne)
January 2025
Department of Nephrology and Institute of Nephrology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Chengdu, China.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is closely linked to the aging process, making the identification of protein biomarkers that reflect aging in specific organs and tissues crucial for a deeper understanding of this phenomenon. This study aimed to identify potential aging-related proteins present in the urine of CKD patients. Utilizing liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) proteomic analysis, we identified a total of 1,712 proteins in the urine samples from both healthy controls and CKD patients in our discovery cohort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCureus
December 2024
Department of Rheumatology, Nova Southeastern University Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Fort Lauderdale, USA.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prevalent autoimmune condition worldwide resulting from the loss of tolerance against self-antigens. The constitutional symptoms of SLE are well-known, including fatigue, fever, myalgia, weight loss, arthralgia, arthritis, malar rash, and photosensitivity. These symptoms often overshadow the impacts SLE can have on all body systems, with the renal system frequently impacted.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCan J Kidney Health Dis
January 2025
Faculty of Health, College of Pharmacy, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada.
Background: Diabetes is the leading cause of kidney disease and contributes to 38% of kidney failure requiring dialysis. A gap in detection and management of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in chronic kidney disease (CKD) exists in primary care. Community pharmacists are positioned to support those not able to access kidney care through traditional pathways.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Kidney J
January 2025
College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Background: Resting heart rate is a potent predictor of various renal outcomes. However, the decline rate of renal function in ischemic stroke patients is not well defined. We tested the association of heart rate with estimated eGFR decline and the composite renal outcomes in patients with recent ischemic stroke.
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