The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the pre-eminent organism for the study of basic functions of eukaryotic cells. All of the genes of this simple eukaryotic cell have recently been revealed by an international collaborative effort to determine the complete DNA sequence of its nuclear genome. Here we describe some of the features of chromosome XII.
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Nat Commun
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Anti-Infective Drug Discovery and Development, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
The faithful charging of amino acids to cognate tRNAs by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) determines the fidelity of protein translation. Isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS) distinguishes tRNA from tRNA solely based on the nucleotide at wobble position (N34), and a single substitution at N34 could exchange the aminoacylation specificity between two tRNAs. Here, we report the structural and biochemical mechanism of N34 recognition-based tRNA discrimination by Saccharomyces cerevisiae IleRS (ScIleRS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFEBS Lett
December 2024
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel.
The Homo sapiens Na/H antiporter NHA2 (SLC9B2) transports Na or Li in exchange for protons across cell membranes, and its dysfunction results in various pathologies. The activity of HsNHA2 is specifically inhibited by the flavonoid phloretin. Using bioinformatic modeling, we predicted two amino acids (R177 and S178) as being important for the binding of phloretin to the HsNHA2 molecule.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Cell Dev Biol
December 2024
A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.
Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles containing their own DNA (mtDNA), which is replicated independently of nuclear DNA (nDNA). While cell cycle arrest halts nDNA replication, mtDNA replication continues. In , flow cytometry enables semi-quantitative estimation of mtDNA levels by measuring the difference in signals between cells lacking mtDNA and those containing mtDNA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFood Chem
December 2024
College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China. Electronic address:
Sea buckthorn, rich in nutrients and bioactive compounds such as phenolics, fatty acids, and vitamins, presents processing challenges due to its intense sourness and bland flavor. This study addresses key challenges in flavor enhancement and sourness reduction by evaluating the effects of pectinase treatment and inoculation sequences on the overall quality. Optimal malic acid degradation and antioxidant occurred when Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
December 2024
College of Biological Sciences and Technology, YiLi Normal University, Yining, 835000, People's Republic of China.
Ice wine is produced from concentrated grape juice obtained by the natural freezing and pressing of grapes. The high sugar content of this juice has an impact on fermentation. To investigate the impact of the initial sugar concentration on the fermentation of ice wine, the initial sugar concentration of Vidal ice grape juice was adjusted to 370, 450, 500 and 550 g/L by the addition of glucose.
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