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A Systematic Review of Oral Vertical Dyskinesia ("Rabbit" Syndrome).
Medicina (Kaunas)
August 2024
Psychiatric Department, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Vertical rhythmic dyskinetic movements that are primarily drug-induced and affect solely the jaw, mouth, and lips without involving the tongue have been historically described as "rabbit" syndrome (RS). Evidence on the unique features and implications of this disorder remains limited. This literature review aims to evaluate the clinical-epidemiological profile, pathological mechanisms, and management of this movement disorder.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRhythmic Jaw Movements in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Is It Clonus or Tremor?
Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y)
March 2024
Department of Neurology, Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
Background: Jaw clonus refers to involuntary, rhythmic jaw contractions induced by a hyperactive trigeminal nerve stretch reflex; however, the movements, when triggered without a stretch, can be confused with a tremor.
Phenomenology Shown: This video demonstrates a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis presenting with rapid rhythmic jaw movements seen at rest, alongside a power spectrum analysis revealing a narrow high-frequency peak of 10 Hz.
Educational Value: Rhythmic jaw movements are seen in many disorders such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, tardive syndromes, and cranial myorhythmias; however, a high-frequency movement, regardless of clonus or tremor, can indicate amyotrophic lateral sclerosis when accompanied by typical upper and lower motor neuron signs.
The Clinician's Tardive Inventory (CTI): A New Clinical Tool for Documenting and Rating Tardive Dyskinesia.
J Clin Psychiatry
January 2024
Brown University, Butler Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island.
Current clinician-rated tardive dyskinesia (TD) symptom scales have not addressed the expanding clinical signs and functional impact of TD. The study objective was to develop and test the reliability of a new integrated instrument. A movement disorder neurologist devised the outline of the rating scale.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAtypical extrapyramidal manifestation of a typical antipsychotic with serotonergic antidepressant.
Daru
June 2024
Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP, India.
Article Synopsis
- Typical antipsychotics can cause various movement disorders known as extrapyramidal side effects, including rabbit syndrome, which involves rhythmic mouth movements.
- This report focuses on a rare case of rabbit syndrome in an elderly patient who developed atypical symptoms, including horizontal jaw movements and tongue involvement, after starting treatment with haloperidol and escitalopram.
- The patient's condition improved after stopping the antipsychotic medication, with the tongue movements thought to be mainly caused by escitalopram.
Pathophysiology, prognosis and treatment of tardive dyskinesia.
Ther Adv Psychopharmacol
October 2022
Ongata Psychiatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
Unlabelled: Tardive dyskinesia (TD), a movement disorder associated with antipsychotics, most frequently affects the lower face and jaw muscles, but can also affect walking, breathing and use of the hands and limbs. Knowledge of TD among physicians may be limited, and the pathophysiology of TD is poorly understood. We conducted this review to summarise the current knowledge surrounding the pathophysiology of TD and present recommendations for prevention and treatment based on a literature search and roundtable discussion attended by psychiatrists in Japan.
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