Splenectomy was performed for three patients with biliary atresia because of re-exacerbation of their jaundice following treatment by partial splenic embolization (PSE). The subjects' red blood cell count and hemoglobin, serum level of hepatic enzymes (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic pyruvic transaminase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactic dehydrogenase), and total bilirubin (TB) were evaluated both before and after splenectomy in order to analyze the effects of splenectomy on these patients. The TB decreased significantly within 3 months after splenectomy in all three patients (13.0 +/- 1.6 mg/100 ml to 5.4 +/- 0.3 mg/100 ml, p < 0.05). The red blood cell count and hemoglobin increased gradually. There was a statistically significant correlation between the TB and the red blood cell count, and/or concentration of hemoglobin. The hepatic enzymes after splenectomy were not significantly different from those before splenectomy. The change in TB following splenectomy was essentially similar to that following PSE. These results suggested that the postoperative improvement in jaundice following splenectomy may not be due to improved hepatic function but merely a reflection of decreased red blood cell turnover. Splenectomy is a useful palliative procedure for jaundice in patients with biliary atresia for whom PSE is no longer effective.
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