Despite the risk, smoking has only slightly decreased and the percentage of heavy smokers increases. The reason for the paradoxical situation has now been identified in more than 95% of the cases and is due to behaviour amplified by a pharmacological dependence on nicotine. The psycho-active effects of nicotine binding to nicotine receptors in the brain, produce a quasi constant physical dependence and a psychic dependence in certain smokers.
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Can Med Educ J
December 2024
Division of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Background: Despite known benefits of breastfeeding and challenges medical trainees face lactating at work, research specific to Canadian surgical trainees is lacking. Our objectives were to examine existing breastfeeding and lactation policies, query experiences and opinions of surgical trainees and program directors, and propose a comprehensive policy for programs nation-wide.
Methods: A multi-disciplinary team developed this two-part study.
Traffic Inj Prev
January 2025
School of Traffic & Transportation Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China.
Objective: This study aims to investigate the causes of 2-vehicle collisions involving an autonomous vehicle (AV) and a conventional vehicle (CV). Prior research has primarily focused on the causes of crashes from the perspective of AVs, often neglecting the interactions with CVs.
Method: To address this limitation, the study proposes a classification framework for crash causation patterns in 2-vehicle collisions involving an AV and a CV, considering their interactions.
Biomimetics (Basel)
December 2024
Institute of Knowledge Technology, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
The COVID-19 pandemic highlighted the urgent need for effective surface disinfection solutions, which has led to the use of mobile robots equipped with ultraviolet (UVC) lamps as a promising technology. This study aims to optimize the navigation of differential mobile robots equipped with UVC lamps to ensure maximum efficiency in disinfecting complex environments. Bio-inspired metaheuristic algorithms such as the gazelle optimization algorithm, whale optimization algorithm, bat optimization algorithm, and particle swarm optimization are applied.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Vet Sci
December 2024
Department of Biology, The University of Akron, Akron, OH, United States.
Introduction: During agility performance, dogs complete a preset obstacle course. The teeter, also known as the seesaw, is the only dynamic contact obstacle. Dogs handle dynamic obstacles differently than static obstacles due to the need for increased coordination and postural control.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Open Qual
December 2024
Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California, USA.
Only 1.9% of the individuals in the USA with alcohol use disorder (AUD) receive medication for AUD. Hospitalisation presents an opportunity to identify patients with AUD and offer treatment.
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