Mice carrying chimeric, truncated or mutated genes encoding intermediate filament (IF) proteins type III do not show any detectable severe pathology. However, upon (over)expression of the transgene in the eye lens all animals develop lens opacification (cataract). At the cellular level the loss of visual acuity is preceded by interference with the terminal differentiation of lens fibre cells, plasma membrane damage, distorted assembly of the IF cytoskeleton and perturbation of the cytoskeleton-membrane complex. The degree of expression is paralleled by the extent of the damages.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00000571 | DOI Listing |
Cancer Immunol Immunother
January 2025
Institute of Photomedicine, Shanghai Skin Disease Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200443, China.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common skin cancer, originating from the malignant proliferation of squamous epithelial cells. However, its pathogenesis remains unclear. To further explore the mechanisms underlying cSCC, we analyzed the data from one single-cell RNA sequencing study and discovered a significant upregulation of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) in the cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
Division of Neurogeriatrics, Center for Alzheimer Research, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society (NVS), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with synaptic and memory dysfunction. A pathological hallmark of the disease is reactive astrogliosis, with reactive astrocytes surrounding amyloid plaques in the brain. Astrocytes have also been shown to be actively involved in disease progression, nevertheless, mechanistic information about their role in synaptic transmission during AD pathology is lacking.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCancer Immunol Immunother
January 2025
Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No. 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China.
Background: Tumor-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play an essential role in reprogramming the tumor microenvironment. Metabolic reprogramming is an essential prerequisite for M2 polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). This M2 phenotype is closely related to the immune dysfunction of CD8 T cells and subsequent tumor progression.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlzheimers Dement
December 2024
UK Dementia Research Institute @ University College London, London, United Kingdom.
Background: Astrocytes are a numerous and diverse glial subtype specialised to carry out distinct roles involving maintaining homeostasis and effective functioning of the nervous system. To do so effectively, they respond to and secrete various proteins. In addition, astrocytes have been linked to Alzheimer's disease (AD), where they are believed to become reactive and contribute to neuroinflammation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk and progression are significantly influenced by ApoE genotypes, with ApoE4 increasing and ApoE2 decreasing the susceptibility compared to ApoE3. Understanding metabolic pathways affected by ApoE genotypes will help decipher disease development and identify new therapeutic targets.
Method: This study investigates the impact of ApoE genotypes on aging brain metabolic trajectories using human ApoE-targeted replacement mice.
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