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A Mysterious Cause of Coagulopathy With Bleeding Diathesis.
Cureus
December 2024
Department of Internal Medicine IV, Hospital Professor Doutor Fernando Fonseca, Amadora, PRT.
Vitamin K is essential to produce functional vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors (prothrombin, factors VII, IX, and X). Vitamin K antagonists inhibit the normal activation of these factors, leading to bleeding manifestations of variable severity. Long-acting vitamin K antagonists or superwarfarins were developed as rodenticides and have a significantly longer half-life and greater potency when compared to warfarin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSustained Alcohol Service Refusal Rates to Underage Patrons in Nightlife Setting: 25-Year Follow-Up of a Swedish Alcohol Prevention Program.
J Adolesc Health
January 2025
STAD, Stockholm Prevents Alcohol and Drug Problems, Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, & Stockholm Health Care Services, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden.
Purpose: In 1996, a multicomponent alcohol prevention intervention was launched and later institutionalized in Stockholm. This study examines the long-term effects of the program on compliance with the legal minimum age limit for alcohol service at licensed premises.
Methods: The intervention comprised community mobilization and collaboration, training, and enforcement aimed at preventing alcohol service to underage (<18 years) or obviously intoxicated patrons.
Using the Key Characteristics Framework to Unlock the Mysteries of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Mediated Effects on the Immune System.
Annu Rev Immunol
January 2025
3Department of Environmental Medicine and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA; email:
Initially discovered for its role mediating the deleterious effects of environmental contaminants, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is now known to be a crucial regulator of the immune system. The expanding list of AHR ligands includes synthetic and naturally derived molecules spanning pollutants, phytochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and substances derived from amino acids and microorganisms. The consequences of engaging AHR vary, depending on factors such as the AHR ligand, cell type, immune challenge, developmental state, dose, and timing of exposure relative to the immune stimulus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe 1831 CE mystery eruption identified as Zavaritskii caldera, Simushir Island (Kurils).
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Archaeology & Palaeoecology, School of Natural and Built Environment, Queen's University, Belfast BT9 3AZ, United Kingdom.
Polar ice cores and historical records evidence a large-magnitude volcanic eruption in 1831 CE. This event was estimated to have injected ~13 Tg of sulfur (S) into the stratosphere which produced various atmospheric optical phenomena and led to Northern Hemisphere climate cooling of ~1 °C. The source of this volcanic event remains enigmatic, though one hypothesis has linked it to a modest phreatomagmatic eruption of Ferdinandea in the Strait of Sicily, which may have emitted additional S through magma-crust interactions with evaporite rocks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRepurposing of a gill gene regulatory program for outer ear evolution.
Nature
January 2025
Department of Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
How novel structures emerge during evolution has long fascinated biologists. A dramatic example is how the diminutive bones of the mammalian middle ear arose from ancestral fish jawbones. In contrast, the evolutionary origin of the outer ear, another mammalian innovation, remains a mystery, in part because it is supported by non-mineralized elastic cartilage rarely recovered in fossils.
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