One of the characteristic features of microglia is their rapid activation in response to injury, inflammation, neurodegeneration, infection, and brain tumors. This review focuses on the role of the microglia in multiple sclerosis (MS), a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS), and in the animal model of MS, experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE). Microglial activation in MS and EAE is thought to contribute directly to CNS damage through several mechanisms, including production of proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and free radicals. In addition, activated microglia serve as the major antigen-presenting cell in the CNS, likely contributing to aberrant immune reactivity at this site. A mechanistic understanding of the way in which microglia are activated and ultimately inhibited is crucial for the formulation of therapeutic modalities to treat MS and other CNS autoimmune disease.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050101 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Disease-Specific Speech Movement Characteristics of the Tongue and Jaw.
J Speech Lang Hear Res
January 2025
Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN.
Purpose: To advance our understanding of disease-specific articulatory impairment patterns in speakers with dysarthria, this study investigated the articulatory performance of the tongue and jaw in speakers with differing neurological diseases (Parkinson's disease [PD], amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and Huntington's disease).
Method: Fifty-seven speakers with dysarthria and 30 controls produced the sentence "Buy Kaia a kite" five times. A three-dimensional electromagnetic articulography was used to record the articulatory movements of the posterior tongue and jaw.
The value of magnetic resonance imaging of the optic nerve for the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis in patients with optic neuritis.
J Neurol
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Clinic of Optic Neuritis and Danish Multiple Sclerosis Center, Rigshospitalet-Glostrup, Valdemar Hansens Vej 13, 2600, Glostrup, Denmark.
Background: Although optic neuritis (ON) is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), lesions of the optic nerve are not included as an anatomical substrate for dissemination in space and time (DIS and DIT).
Objective: To assess the increase in sensitivity of including MRI lesions of the optic nerve for the diagnosis of MS in patients with ON.
Methods: We included patients consecutively referred with first time, monosymptomatic ON, with no known cause of the ON, who underwent orbital MRI including fat suppressed T2 and T1-sequences with and without gadolinium contrast.
Can ChatGPT4-vision identify radiologic progression of multiple sclerosis on brain MRI?
Eur Radiol Exp
January 2025
St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
Background: The large language model ChatGPT can now accept image input with the GPT4-vision (GPT4V) version. We aimed to compare the performance of GPT4V to pretrained U-Net and vision transformer (ViT) models for the identification of the progression of multiple sclerosis (MS) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Methods: Paired coregistered MR images with and without progression were provided as input to ChatGPT4V in a zero-shot experiment to identify radiologic progression.
Explaining cognitive function in multiple sclerosis through networks of grey and white matter features: a joint independent component analysis.
J Neurol
January 2025
NMR Research Unit, Queen Square MS Centre, Department of Neuroinflammation, Faculty of Brain Sciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK.
Cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is only partially explained by whole-brain volume measures, but independent component analysis (ICA) can extract regional patterns of damage in grey matter (GM) or white matter (WM) that have proven more closely associated with CI. Pathology in GM and WM occurs in parallel, and so patterns can span both. This study assessed whether joint-ICA of GM and WM features better explained cognitive function compared to single-tissue ICA.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLongitudinal qualitative assessment of meaningful symptoms and relevance of WATCH-PD digital measures for people with early Parkinson's.
J Neurol
January 2025
Center for Health + Technology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA.
Background: Longitudinal qualitative data on what matters to people with Parkinson's disease are lacking and needed to guide patient-centered clinical care and development of outcome measures.
Objective: To evaluate change over time in symptoms, impacts, and relevance of digital measures to monitor disease progression in early Parkinson's.
Methods: In-depth, online symptom mapping interviews were conducted with 33 people with early Parkinson's at baseline and 1 year later to evaluate (A) symptoms, (B) impacts, and (C) relevance of digital measures to monitor personally relevant symptoms.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!