AI Article Synopsis
- Herpes simplex encephalitis is the most common viral encephalitis, with reduced mortality due to treatments like vidarabine and acyclovir; early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for better outcomes.
- Neuroimaging techniques such as MRI and SPECT, along with PCR for detecting HSV-DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), facilitate quicker diagnoses without needing invasive procedures like brain biopsies.
- Varicella and herpes zoster viruses may lead to neurologic issues rarely, while Epstein-Barr virus can cause various complications; in contrast, cytomegalovirus encephalitis is prevalent in AIDS patients and is associated with a poor prognosis.
Article Abstract
Herpes simplex encephalitis is the commonest viral encephalitis among individuals, and the mortality has been markedly decreased by the use of vidarabine and acyclovir. Early diagnoses and immediate treatment are essential for favorable prognoses. Neuro-imagings, such as MRI and SPECT, and PCR technique for detection of HSV-DNA in CSF, are useful for early diagnoses, without requiring brain biopsy. Varicella and herpes zoster viruses are complicated, only rarely, with neurological manifestations, such as meningoencephalitis, myelitis, or peripheral neuropathy. Acyclovir is mostly effective in these cases. Neurological complications of Epstein-Barr virus infections are variable, including meningitis, cerebellar ataxia, cranial neuropathy, and Guillain-Barré syndrome. Their prognoses are generally good. Cytomegalovirus encephalitis is one of the common complications in AIDS patients. Its clinical diagnosis is difficult and the prognosis is considered to be poor.
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