Comparison Between Abdominal and Laparoscopic Lymphadenectomy.

In cervical cancer the pathologic stage is determined for two reasons: choice of treatment (surgical-radiotherapy-medical) and prognostic evaluation. In early cervical carcinoma the evaluation of pelvic lymph nodes is important. The clinical noninvasive approach using ultrasound, CT, MRI, and lymphography is of limited use because of low accuracy. Therefore, the clinical evaluation has to be performed surgically. This is required in FIGO I and FIGO IIa carcinoma with circumference < 4 cm. If the pelvic nodes are negative a radical hysterectomy is indicated; but if the nodes are positive, this procedure could be avoided and the treatment of choice is pelvic radiotherapy. In some cases radical hysterectomy is performed when the pathology of the lymph nodes is not yet known and subsequent pelvic radiotherapy is performed when the nodes are positive. This sequence of events is a major cause of complications (fistula of the intestinal or the urinary tract, ileus and lymphocysts). Laparoscopic lymphadenectomy may be the method of choice to stage these tumors with minimal discomfort for the patients. This study demonstrates that laparoscopic lymphadenectomy is comparable to open lymphadenectomy in the clinical staging of cervical cancer.