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Metabolically Stable Adenylation Inhibitors of Biotin Protein Ligase as Antibacterial Agents.

J Med Chem

January 2025

Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.

The antibacterial agent Bio-AMS is metabolized in vivo through hydrolysis of the central acyl-sulfamide linker leading to high clearance and release of a moderately cytotoxic metabolite . Herein, we disclose analogues designed to prevent the metabolism of the central acyl-sulfamide moiety through steric hindrance or attenuation of the acyl-sulfamide electrophilicity. was identified as a metabolically stable analogue with a single-digit nanomolar dissociation constant for biotin protein ligase (BPL) and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) against and ranging from 0.

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A major challenge in tuberculosis (TB) therapeutics is that antibiotic exposure leads to changes in the physiology of (), which may enable the pathogen to withstand treatment. While antibiotic-treated has been evaluated in experiments it is unclear if and how long-term treatment with diverse antibiotics with varying treatment-shortening activity (sterilizing activity) affects physiologic processes differently. Here, we used SEARCH-TB, a pathogen-targeted RNA-sequencing platform, to characterize the transcriptome in the BALB/c high-dose aerosol infection mouse model following 4 weeks of treatment with three sterilizing and three non-sterilizing antibiotics.

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Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease characterised by excessive accumulation of surfactant components in alveolar macrophages, alveoli, and peripheral airways. The accumulation of surfactant is associated with only a minimal inflammatory response but can lead to the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Three clinical forms of PAP are distinguished - primary, secondary and congenital.

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Single-cell analysis reveals ESX-1-mediated accumulation of permissive macrophages in infected mouse lungs.

Sci Adv

January 2025

Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Allergy and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.

(MTB) ESX-1, a type VII secretion system, is a key virulence determinant contributing to MTB's survival within lung mononuclear phagocytes (MNPs), but its effect on MNP recruitment and differentiation remains unknown. Here, using multiple single-cell RNA sequencing techniques, we studied the role of ESX-1 in MNP heterogeneity and response in mice and murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM). We found that ESX-1 is required for MTB to recruit diverse MNP subsets with high MTB burden.

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Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global threat, with 10 million new cases and 1.5 million deaths each year. In multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB), resistance is most commonly observed against isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), the two frontline drugs.

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