The cytotoxic and mutagenic effect of the bifunctional alkylating agent nitrogen mustard (HN2) was examined. Primary human lymphocytes were exposed to graded doses of HN2 in vitro and relative survival was determined. Mutation induction at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (hprt) locus was measured by cloning the exposed T-cells in microtitre plates in the presence and absence of 6-thioguanine (TG). The IC50-value determined for 30 min exposure to HN2 was 1.34 microM. The mutant frequencies (MF) in exposed T-cell cultures were 10-fold (2 microM HN2) to 32-fold (4 microM HN2) higher than those of unexposed cultures (median values). Nitrogen mustard-mediated mutagenesis is discussed in terms of the current ideas about DNA damage and repair.
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