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HA198 mutations in H9N2 avian influenza: molecular dynamics insights into receptor binding.
Front Vet Sci
January 2025
Jiangsu Agri-animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.
Introduction: The H9N2 avian influenza virus is widely disseminated in poultry and poses a zoonotic threat, despite vaccination efforts. Mutations at residue 198 of hemagglutinin (HA) are critical for antigenic variation and receptor-binding specificity, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study explores the molecular mechanisms by which mutations at the HA 198 site affect the antigenicity, receptor specificity, and binding affinity of the H9N2 virus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExpert consensus on the benefits of neuraminidase in conventional influenza vaccines: a Delphi study.
BMC Infect Dis
January 2025
Patient-Centered Research, Evidera, London, UK.
Background: Seasonal vaccination is the mainstay of human influenza prevention. Licensed influenza vaccines are regularly updated to account for viral mutations and antigenic drift and are standardised for their haemagglutinin content. However, vaccine effectiveness remains suboptimal.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluenza A Virus H7 nanobody recognizes a conserved immunodominant epitope on hemagglutinin head and confers heterosubtypic protection.
Nat Commun
January 2025
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
Influenza remains a persistent global health challenge, largely due to the virus' continuous antigenic drift and occasional shift, which impede the development of a universal vaccine. To address this, the identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies and their epitopes is crucial. Nanobodies, with their unique characteristics and binding capacity, offer a promising avenue to identify such epitopes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluenza vaccine outcomes: a meta-analysis revealing morbidity benefits amid low infection prevention.
Eur Respir Rev
January 2025
Transplant Immunology Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid Spain
Background: The morbidity and mortality associated with influenza viruses are a significant public health challenge. Annual vaccination against circulating influenza strains reduces hospitalisations and increases survival rates but requires a yearly redesign of vaccines against prevalent subtypes. The complex genetics of influenza viruses with high antigenic drift create an ongoing challenge in vaccine development to address dynamic influenza epidemiology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfluenza and Aging: Clinical Manifestations, Complications, and Treatment Approaches in Older Adults.
Drugs Aging
January 2025
University Hospitals of Cleveland, 11100 Euclid Ave, Mailstop 5083, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
Influenza, a highly contagious respiratory viral illness, poses significant global health risks, particularly affecting older and those with chronic health conditions. Influenza viruses, primarily types A and B, are responsible for seasonal human infections and exhibit a propensity for antigenic drift and shift, contributing to seasonal epidemics and pandemics. The severity of influenza varies, but severe cases often lead to pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and multiorgan failure.
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