Results from beta testing of a commercially available three-dimensional electron pencil beam algorithm (CMS FOCUS, Computerized Medical Systems, Inc. St. Louis, MO) are reported. Straight on beams were evaluated at normal and extended distances, and obliquely incident beams at angles up to 40 degrees. Shaped electron fields with small circular cutouts, and narrow elongated, centered and offcentered, rectangular field shapes were investigated. Slab inhomogeneities were studied for lung and bone equivalent material, and isodose distributions for small inhomogeneities of these materials were compared with film and TLD measurements. All tests reported here were performed with electrons 6, 12, and 20 MeV from a Cl-1800 accelerator.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.597915 | DOI Listing |
Phys Chem Chem Phys
January 2025
Department of Chemistry and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalytic Chemistry, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Theoretical investigations using density functional theory (DFT) and wavefunction theory (WFT) have been performed to understand the geometric and electronic structures, chemical bonding, and structural transformation of 5d6s-metal doped triboron clusters MB (M = La, Ta, Re, Ir; = 1, 3, 5, 7). Global-minimum structural searches find that early-metal doped MB (M = La, Ta) clusters adopt a two-dimensional (2D) planar structure, with σ- and π-type delocalized molecular orbitals (MOs) consisting of M-5d and B-2p atomic orbitals (AOs) identified by chemical bonding analysis. In contrast, late-metal doped MB (M = Re, Ir) clusters prefer three-dimensional (3D) structures of near-pyramidal and triangular pyramid geometries, respectively, which exhibit enhanced stability involving σ- and δ-type M(5d)-B(2p) interactions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Biol Macromol
January 2025
Institute of Chemicobiology and Functional Materials, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 200 Xiao Ling Wei, Nanjing 210094, China. Electronic address:
Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a porous biopolymer synthesized via microbial fermentation. BC exhibits remarkable properties and is widely utilized in diverse applications. Despite all its merits, BC is constrained by certain performance limitations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Department of Advanced General Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea.
Polylactic acid (PLA) has garnered attention for use in interim dental restorations due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, low cost, ease of fabrication, and moderate strength. However, its performance under intraoral conditions, particularly under heat and moisture, remains underexplored. This study evaluated the mechanical properties of PLA interim crowns compared with those of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and bisphenol crowns under simulated intraoral conditions with thermocycling.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNanotechnology
January 2025
Electronic Sci.&Eng., Xi'an Jiaotong University, 28 Xianning West Road,Beilin District, Xi 'an, Shaanxi Province, China, Xi'an, 710049, CHINA.
The accurate estimation of the temperature distribution of the GaN based power devices and optimization of the device structure is of great significance to possibly solve the self-heating problem, which hinders the further enhancement of the device performances. We present here the operando temperature measurement with high spatial resolution using Raman spectroscopy of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) with different device structures and explore the optimization of the device thermal design accordingly. The lateral and depth temperature distributions of the single-finger HEMT were characterized.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhys Rev Lett
December 2024
Stanford University, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
The extreme electric fields created in high-intensity laser-plasma interactions could generate energetic ions far more compactly than traditional accelerators. Despite this promise, laser-plasma accelerator experiments have been limited to maximum ion energies of ∼100 MeV/nucleon. The central challenge is the low charge-to-mass ratio of ions, which has precluded one of the most successful approaches used for electrons: laser wakefield acceleration.
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