Background: Poisoning caused by drugs of abuse or commonly used addictive medicines occurs with relative frequency and often leads, either directly or indirectly, to death. The interpretation of the blood and urine concentrations is, however, a complex and difficult problem.

Methods: We have reviewed the published data and subjected them to selection and unification on the basis of conservative criteria and our own experience.

Results: A compilation of the concentrations of 103 drugs of abuse in whole blood, serum/plasma, and urine, during habitual or therapeutic use and as found in toxic or lethal poisoning is given.

Conclusions: The table presented can be helpful in interpretation of the drug concentrations encountered in clinical, toxicological, and forensic cases.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15563659709001158DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

drugs abuse
12
toxic lethal
8
concentrations 103
8
103 drugs
8
habitual toxic
4
concentrations
4
lethal concentrations
4
abuse humans
4
humans background
4
background poisoning
4

Similar Publications

Simultaneous measurement of fentanyl, fentanyl analogues and other drugs of abuse by multiplex bead assay.

Toxicol Mech Methods

January 2025

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of Science Integration, Risk Evaluation Branch, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Cincinnati, OH, USA.

Quantification of illicit drugs and controlled substances, in urine or as surface contamination, is often performed using expensive analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). A time and cost-effective semi-quantitative surface-wipe and urine screening multiplex immunoassay for fentanyl and its analogues was developed in this investigation. We previously created a surface wipe multiplex immunoassay for methamphetamine, caffeine, cocaine, tetrahy-drocannabinol (THC) and oxycodone.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In 2019, intranasal esketamine gained approval as a promising therapy for those individuals grappling with treatment-resistant depression. Both clinical trials and real-world studies have underscored its efficacy in alleviating and remitting depressive symptoms, with sustained benefits observed for nearly 4.5 years.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

New legal frameworks for supervised psychedelic services are emerging, with Oregon and Colorado implementing programs to train and license psilocybin facilitators. This study describes Oregon's early psilocybin facilitator workforce and assesses state-approved training programs. The Open Psychedelic Evaluation Nexus (OPEN) reviewed Oregon Health Authority-approved training programs and surveyed facilitators who had completed or were enrolled in these programs between July and November 2023.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The hypothalamic neuropeptide system of orexin (hypocretin) neurons provides projections throughout the neuraxis and has been linked to sleep regulation, feeding and motivation for salient rewards including drugs of abuse. However, relatively little has been done to examine genes associated with orexin signaling and specific behavioral phenotypes in humans. Here, we tested for association of twenty-seven genes involved in orexin signaling with behavioral phenotypes in humans.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Stability of antipsychotic biomarkers for wastewater-based epidemiology.

J Pharm Biomed Anal

January 2025

Jožef Stefan Institute, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia; Jožef Stefan International Postgraduate School, Jamova 39, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia. Electronic address:

Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) offers a promising approach by providing objective data on antipsychotic drug consumption within a population that can be used to monitor abuse, misuse, and regional prescription patterns. However, accurate estimations depend on knowing the stability of drug biomarkers. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the stability of 11 antipsychotic biomarkers (parent drugs and their metabolites) in influent wastewater, using a series of experiments mimicking in-sewer transport (in-sewer setup and deconjugation) and in-sample stability (benchtop, frozen cartridge, long-term sample storage, and freeze-thaw).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!