Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@pubfacts.com&api_key=b8daa3ad693db53b1410957c26c9a51b4908&a=1): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 176
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 176
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 250
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 1034
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3152
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 575
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 489
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Creatinine degradation was prospectively studied in four healthy subjects and 35 patients with varying degrees of chronic renal failure by measuring creatininase activity in stool isolates. Patients were subdivided into those with serum creatinine above and below 6 mg/dL. Creatinine degradation in the former group of patients who had not taken antibiotics in the previous 3 months was significantly greater than the latter (64% v 26%; P < 0.001), which was similar to healthy controls. This degradation was abolished when antibiotics were added directly to the patient's stool during incubation (P < 0.002). In a subset of five patients, duodenal intubation demonstrated small bowel bacterial overgrowth associated with high concentrations of toxic methylamines generated there from and increased stool creatinine consumption. We conclude that retained creatinine in advanced chronic renal failure induces bacterial creatininase activity throughout the bowel, causing creatinine degradation and subsequent potential loss of creatinine to the creatinine pool. The modifying effects of antibiotics on creatinine degradation has important clinical implications for the interpretation of serum creatinine measurements in renal failure.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0272-6386(97)90010-x | DOI Listing |
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