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Scent of COVID-19: Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis Reveals the Role of , , and in Long-Lasting Olfactory Dysfunction.
Life (Basel)
January 2025
Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy.
COVID-19-related persistent olfactory dysfunction (OD) presents remarkable interindividual differences, and little is known about the host genetic factors that are involved in its etiopathogenesis. The goal of this study was to explore the genetic factors underpinning COVID-19-related OD through the analysis of Whole Genome Sequencing data of 153 affected subjects, focusing on genes involved in antiviral response regulation. An innovative approach was developed, namely the assessment of the association between a "gene score", defined as the ratio of the number of homozygous alternative variants within the gene to its length, and participants' olfactory function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe effectiveness of two doses of recombinant hepatitis E vaccine in response to an outbreak in Bentiu, South Sudan: a case-control and bias indicator study.
Lancet Infect Dis
January 2025
Geneva Centre for Emerging Viral Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland; Médecins Sans Frontières, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Tropical and Humanitarian Medicine, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland. Electronic address:
Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a leading cause of acute viral hepatitis, particularly in Asia and Africa, where HEV genotypes 1 and 2 are prevalent. Although a recombinant vaccine, Hecolin, is available, it has not been used to control outbreaks. The licensed three-dose regimen might pose challenges for it to be an impactful outbreak control tool.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFReactivation of hidden-latent infection after doxycycline and streptomycin treatment in mice.
Antimicrob Agents Chemother
December 2024
Programa de Investigación en Enfermedades Tropicales, Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia, Costa Rica.
Brucellosis has therapeutic challenges due to 3%-15% relapses/therapeutic failures (R/TF) after antibiotic treatment. Therefore, determining the antibiotic concentration in tissues, the physiopathological parameters, and the R/TF after treatment is relevant. After exploring different antibiotic quantities, we found that a combined dose of 100 µg/g of doxycycline (for 45 days) and 7.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImmunoadjuvant therapy in the regulation of cell death in sepsis: recent advances and future directions.
Front Immunol
December 2024
Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Japan.
Sepsis is characterized by a concomitant early pro-inflammatory response by immune cells to an infection, and an opposing anti-inflammatory response that results in protracted immunosuppression. The primary pathological event in sepsis is widespread programmed cell death, or cellular self-sacrifice, of innate and adaptive immune cells, leading to profound immunological suppression. This severe immune dysfunction hampers effective primary pathogen clearance, thereby increasing the risk of secondary opportunistic infections, latent viral reactivation, multiple organ dysfunction, and elevated mortality.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLarge, protracted, multi-species and multi-clonal spread of VIM-type metallo-β-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales in an Italian hospital.
J Hosp Infect
December 2024
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, Florence, Italy. Electronic address:
Background: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales, particularly those producing carbapenemase (CPE), pose a major threat to human health, being listed among critical-priority resistant pathogens by the World Health Organization.
Aim: To report on a large nosocomial spread of CPE of different species producing Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM)-type carbapenemases, and on the infection prevention and control measures that were adopted to combat the spread.
Methods: Conventional culture and molecular methods were used for detection and identification of VIM-positive CPE (VIM-CPE) causing infections or colonizing patients or present in environmental specimens.
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