Primary fetal rat calvarial cell cultures were examined for the expression of different osteoblastic parameters at the single cell level and in the whole population. The presence of the parathyroid hormone (PTH) receptor was studied by employing receptor autoradiography. After 3 days of culture, 10% of the cells expressed the PTH receptor. Immunolocalization of osteocalcin in 3-day-old cell cultures was found to be strongly correlated with the presence of the PTH receptor. Alkaline phosphatase (APase) localization in 3-day-old cultures correlated with only 69% of the PTH receptor expressing cells. Our results show that in 3-day-old rat calvarial cell cultures, only about 10% of the cells show markers of osteoblastic differentiation. The presence of the PTH receptor is strongly correlated with the presence of osteocalcin, but less with the presence of APase, indicating that it is the mature osteoblast that expresses the PTH receptor. After 7 days of culture, most receptor labeling, APase, and osteocalcin expression was found in multilayered areas of cells (nodules).
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