The persistent Müllerian duct syndrome, characterized by the presence of uterus and tubes in otherwise normally masculinized 46,XY males, is a familial autosomal recessive disorder due to defects of synthesis or action of anti-Müllerian hormone. We have performed molecular studies in a total of 38 families and we have identified the basis of the condition, namely 16 anti-Müllerian hormone and 16 anti-Müllerian hormone receptor mutations, in 32 families.
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