A comparative examination of three Alderson phantoms by means of radiograms and computer tomograms shows that there are significant differences between the individual phantoms. Phantom I, for example, is inferior to phantom II because of the bad insertion of the bones into the surrounding plastic material (covered by air bubbles) and the inclusions of air in the soft parts. All phantoms have a rather strong osteoporosis of the skeleton which is most probably due to the production method [1,2]. Furthermore, the average absorption coefficients of the soft tissues show remarkable differences from one phantom to another.
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J Med Phys
September 2024
Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Iwate, Japan.
Introduction: To perform energy-dispersive X-ray imaging, we constructed a photon-counting X-ray computed tomography (CT) scanner to perform enhanced K-edge CT.
Methods: X-ray photons penetrating through an object were detected using a cadmium telluride flat panel detector (FPD) with pixel dimensions of 100 × 100 mm, and 720 radiograms from the FPD were sent to the personal computer to reconstruct tomograms. Gadolinium (Gd) K-edge energy is 50.
Rev Sci Instrum
August 2024
Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan.
To regulate the effective photon energy with a constant tube voltage and to perform enhanced K-edge x-ray imaging, we built a prototype fully digitalized triple-energy x-ray computed tomography (TECT) scanner utilizing beam hardening. An object on the turntable is irradiated by a 0.1-mm-focus x-ray tube at 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFRev Sci Instrum
July 2024
Department of Surgery, Toho University Ohashi Medical Center, 2-22-36 Ohashi, Meguro, Tokyo 153-8515, Japan.
To observe fine blood vessels as uneven tomographic images at a high contrast, we performed tentative experiments on embossed x-ray computed tomography (CT). We constructed a cone-beam CT scanner and carried out dual-energy CT with tube voltages of 60 and 100 kV. X-ray photons penetrating through an object were detected using an indirect-conversion flat panel detector, and radiograms were produced and sent to a personal computer to reconstruct tomograms.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvest Radiol
November 2024
From the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (J.-P.G., A.S.K., K.S.L., H.H., N.C., T.A.B., T.S.P.); Department of Orthopedic Trauma, Hand, Plastic, and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (M.M.P.); Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany (S.E.); and X-ray Products-Research and Development, Siemens Healthineers AG, Forchheim, Germany (T.W., M.H., S.H.).
Rationale And Objectives: This study investigates the performance of tomosynthesis in the presence of osteosynthetic implants, aiming to overcome superimposition-induced limitations in conventional radiograms.
Materials And Methods: After surgical fracture induction and subsequent osteosynthesis, 8 cadaveric fracture models (wrist, metacarpus, ankle, metatarsus) were scanned with the prototypical tomosynthesis mode of a multiuse x-ray system. Tomosynthesis protocols at 60, 80, and 116 kV (sweep angle 10°, 13 FPS) were compared with standard radiograms.
Int J Numer Method Biomed Eng
June 2024
Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Engineering, İzmir, Turkey.
Several data sets have been collected and various artificial intelligence models have been developed for COVID-19 classification and detection from both chest radiography (CXR) and thorax computed tomography (CTX) images. However, the pitfalls and shortcomings of these systems significantly limit their clinical use. In this respect, improving the weaknesses of advanced models can be very effective besides developing new ones.
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