We have studied the effect of CaM-kinase II inhibition induced by KN-62 on NO synthesis mediated by the activation of NMDA and kainate receptors in striatal neurones. KN-62 partially inhibited NMDA-mediated NO synthesis but the effect of kainate on NO production was unaffected by the specific CaM-kinase II inhibitor. Ionomycin-induced cGMP production and the NMDA-mediated superoxide generation by nNOS were also inhibited by KN-62. Since we determined the NO synthesis via its ability to increase intracellular cGMP, we checked that the kinase inhibitor was unable to block the cGMP production induced by a NO-donor like 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1). In conclusion, these results indicate that, depending on the glutamatergic receptors involved, CaM-kinase II could participate in the regulation of NO synthesis in striatal neurones.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001756-199611040-00024 | DOI Listing |
Viruses
January 2024
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43614, USA.
The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has revealed the shortfalls in our understanding of how to treat coronavirus infections. With almost 7 million case fatalities of COVID-19 globally, the catalog of FDA-approved antiviral therapeutics is limited compared to other medications, such as antibiotics. All-trans retinoic acid (RA), or activated vitamin A, has been studied as a potential therapeutic against coronavirus infection because of its antiviral properties.
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May 2023
Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. Electronic address:
Excitotoxicity, a neuronal death process in neurological disorders such as stroke, is initiated by the overstimulation of ionotropic glutamate receptors. Although dysregulation of proteolytic signaling networks is critical for excitotoxicity, the identity of affected proteins and mechanisms by which they induce neuronal cell death remain unclear. To address this, we used quantitative N-terminomics to identify proteins modified by proteolysis in neurons undergoing excitotoxic cell death.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropharmacology
February 2023
Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA; Brain and Mind Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
We have previously demonstrated that pharmacological blockade of ventral tegmental area (VTA) Ca1.3 L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) using Ca1.2 dihydropyridine insensitive (Ca1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInt J Mol Sci
September 2022
Department of Anatomy, Kitasato University School of Medicine, Sagamihara 252-0374, Kanagawa, Japan.
Ca/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase (CaMKK) is the activating kinase for multiple downstream kinases, including CaM-kinase I (CaMKI), CaM-kinase IV (CaMKIV), protein kinase B (PKB/Akt), and 5'AMP-kinase (AMPK), through the phosphorylation of their activation-loop Thr residues in response to increasing the intracellular Ca concentration, as CaMKK itself is a Ca/CaM-dependent enzyme. The CaMKK-mediated kinase cascade plays important roles in a number of Ca-dependent pathways, such as neuronal morphogenesis and plasticity, transcriptional activation, autophagy, and metabolic regulation, as well as in pathophysiological pathways, including cancer progression, metabolic syndrome, and mental disorders. This review focuses on the molecular mechanism underlying CaMKK-mediated signal transduction in normal and pathophysiological conditions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArch Biochem Biophys
May 2022
Laboratory of Molecular Brain Science, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, 739-8521, Japan. Electronic address:
CaMK phosphatase (CaMKP/PPM1F/POPX2) is a Mn-dependent, calyculin A/okadaic acid-insensitive Ser/Thr protein phosphatase that belongs to the PPM family. CaMKP is thought to be involved in regulation of not only various protein kinases, such as CaM kinases and p21-activated protein kinase, but also of cellular proteins regulated by phosphorylation. A large-scale screening of a chemical library identified gallic acid and some of its alkyl esters as novel CaMKP inhibitors highly specific to CaMKP.
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