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Targeting extracellular matrix components to attenuate microglia neuroinflammation: A study of fibulin-2 and CSPGs in a model of multiple sclerosis.
J Neuroimmunol
January 2025
Hotchkiss Brain Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada; Department of Biology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario L5L 1C6, Canada; Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Electronic address:
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in the central nervous system (CNS), shaping tissue structure and functions as well as contributing to the pathology of chronic diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). ECM components, including fibulin-2 (FBLN2) and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), may impact neuroinflammation and remyelination. We investigated the capacity of FBLN2 to modulate immune responses and evaluated its interaction with CSPGs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a common model for MS.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChallenges for complement functional assays in the clinical laboratory: From test validation to clinical interpretation.
J Immunol Methods
January 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States of America. Electronic address:
Complement functional assays are essential first-tier tests for a gamut of disorders spanning from inborn errors of the immune system which lead to recurrent severe infections, to angioedema attacks, presentation of autoimmune disease, thrombotic microangiopathies and rare kidney disorders. These assays evaluate the activity of the three complement pathways and specific complement components, which helps in differential diagnosis and monitoring disease progression. The rising use of complement inhibitors for treating complement-mediated thrombotic microangiopathies has heightened the demand for personalized treatment plans and laboratory assessment of complement blockage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHERVs Endophenotype in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Human Endogenous Retroviruses, Specific Immunoreactivity, and Disease Association in Different Family Members.
Microorganisms
December 2024
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Microbiology and Virology, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43b, 07100 Sassari, Italy.
Increasing evidence indicates that human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) are important to human health and are an underexplored component of many diseases. Certain HERV families show unique expression patterns and immune responses in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) patients compared to healthy controls, suggesting their potential as biomarkers. Despite these interesting findings, the role of HERVs in ASD needs to be further investigated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIncidence and Impact of Myocarditis in Genetic Cardiomyopathies: Inflammation as a Potential Therapeutic Target.
Genes (Basel)
January 2025
Institute of Clinical Medicine, V.N. Vinogradov Faculty Therapeutic Clinic, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Background: Myocardial disease is an important component of the wide field of cardiovascular disease. However, the phenomenon of multiple myocardial diseases in a single patient remains understudied.
Aim: To investigate the prevalence and impact of myocarditis in patients with genetic cardiomyopathies and to evaluate the outcomes of myocarditis treatment in the context of cardiomyopathies.
The Liver X Receptor Promotes Immune Homeostasis via Controlled Activation of the Innate Immune System in the Liver.
Biomolecules
December 2024
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, National Defense Medical College, Saitama 359-8513, Japan.
The liver is an indispensable metabolic organ, responsible for accumulating and transporting various nutritional compounds in hepatocytes. However, the transport of these materials from the liver is an energetically intensive task because they contain a considerable number of hydrophobic components, including free cholesterol, and require specialized transfer proteins to shuttle these substances through an aqueous phase. Liver X receptors (LXRs) induce the expression of cholesterol transporters in macrophages to transport free cholesterol derived from apoptotic cells into extracellular space via high-density lipoproteins.
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