The levels of embryonic antigens (cancer embryonic antigen, alpha-fetoprotein, beta-chorionic gonadotropin were measured in the serum, spinal fluid, the cystic fluid of tumor 83 of neuro-oncological patients. It was found that the blood concentrations of cancer embryonic antigen and alpha-fetoprotein were not generally related to the degree of malignancy and the blood level of beta-chorionic gonadotropin decreased with the higher degree of tumor anaplasia. The high content of beta-chorionic gonadotropin in the spinal fluid suggests its origin from a brain tumor. The fatal postoperative outcome was noted in patients having high preoperative serum levels of alpha-fetoprotein and cancer embryonic antigen with simultaneous much higher concentrations of alpha-fetoprotein in the serum than those in the spinal fluid.
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Biol Sex Differ
January 2025
Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
Background: X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a female-specific process in which one X chromosome is silenced to balance X-linked gene expression between the sexes. XCI is initiated in early development by upregulation of the lncRNA Xist on the future inactive X (Xi). A subset of X-linked genes escape silencing and thus have higher expression in females, suggesting female-specific functions.
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January 2025
MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics & Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU, UK.
Single cells are typically typed by clustering into discrete locations in reduced dimensional transcriptome space. Here we introduce Stator, a data-driven method that identifies cell (sub)types and states without relying on cells' local proximity in transcriptome space. Stator labels the same single cell multiply, not just by type and subtype, but also by state such as activation, maturity or cell cycle sub-phase, through deriving higher-order gene expression dependencies from a sparse gene-by-cell expression matrix.
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January 2025
Reproductive Medical Center/Hubei Medical Clinical Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Embryonic Development, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Cervical cancer (CC) is a prevalent gynecological malignancy. Increasing evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of CC. However, the regulatory function of circ_ASH1L in CC remains elusive.
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January 2025
Rheumatology Research Group, Department of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medicine & Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Tertiary lymphoid structures play important roles in autoimmune and non-autoimmune conditions. While many of the molecular mechanisms involved in tertiary lymphoid structure formation have been identified, the cellular sources and temporal and spatial relationship remain unknown. Here we use combine single-cell RNA-sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and proteomics of minor salivary glands of patients with Sjogren's disease and Sicca Syndrome, with ex-vivo functional studies to construct a cellular and spatial map of key components involved in the formation and function of tertiary lymphoid structures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Commun
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Cambridge, NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
The placenta is the critical interface between mother and fetus, and consequently, placental dysfunction underlies many pregnancy complications. Placental formation requires an adequate expansion of trophoblast stem and progenitor cells followed by finely tuned lineage specification events. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing of mouse trophoblast stem cells during the earliest phases of differentiation, we identify gatekeepers of the stem cell state, notably Nicol1, and uncover unsuspected trajectories of cell lineage diversification as well as regulators of lineage entry points.
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