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Purpose: Mild Traumatic brain injury is classified based on Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS 13-15), it also involves transient alteration of brain function, which may lead to severe short- and long-term sequelae. When treating a patient with a mild head injury outside the hospital, it is of crucial importance to decide whether to transport him to a center without neurosurgery or to a center equipped with neurosurgery (primary centralization). Recent decades have seen exploration of portable, non-invasive devices for intracranial injury and stroke detection, with microwave frequency electromagnetic field technology showing promising clinical outcomes.

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Loss of MMP9 disturbs cranial suture fusion via suppressing cell proliferation, chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in mice.

Matrix Biol

December 2024

State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; Department of Cariology and Endodontics, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China. Electronic address:

Article Synopsis
  • Cranial sutures are essential for the growth of skull bones, and abnormal closure can lead to deformities; MMP9 is a protein involved in bone development that hasn't been fully studied in relation to cranial sutures.
  • In mice, high levels of Mmp9 were found specifically during the fusion of the posterior frontal suture, and disrupting MMP9 function prevented normal fusion and affected bone formation.
  • The study suggests that MMP9 is vital for proper cranial suture fusion, making it a possible target for treating related disorders.
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Temporal lobe evolution in Hominidae and the origin of human lobe proportions.

Am J Biol Anthropol

December 2024

Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA.

Objectives Evolutionary changes in hominin social complexity have been associated with increases in absolute brain size. The temporal lobes are nestled in the middle cranial fossae (MCF) of the skull, the dimensions of which allow estimation of temporal lobe volume (TLV) in extant and fossil taxa. Materials and Methods The main aim of this study is to determine where along the hominid phylogeny, major temporal lobe size transitions occurred.

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Craniomandibular variation in the endemic Hispaniolan primate, Antillothrix bernensis.

J Hum Evol

November 2024

NYCEP Morphometrics Group, USA; Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument St, 3rd Floor, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Here we describe new fossil material of Antillothrix bernensis, a Pleistocene-Holocene primate taxon from Hispaniola. It is now represented by seven crania, five mandibles, and dozens of postcranial elements from several paleontologically rich cave systems. The five adult crania included here share a similar overall profile as well as specific features such as a deep depression at the glabella.

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Background: Craniosynostosis, a common congenital anomaly, results from premature fusion of the cranial sutures. One of the forms of craniosynostosis is premature fusion of the metopic suture, referred to as trigonocephaly, but the diagnosis of metopic suture synostosis remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to clarify, using geometric morphometric analysis, if a metopic ridge alone observed in cases of mild trigonocephaly represents a pathological phenomenon.

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