AI Article Synopsis
- Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a benign condition linked to Epstein-Barr virus that typically affects men with HIV, serving as a marker of significant immune system compromise.
- A study of 456 HIV-positive patients revealed that OHL occurred in 15.6% of cases, primarily affecting the tongue, and was diagnosed in individuals with severe immunosuppression.
- Despite some patients having higher CD4+ counts, the presence of OHL correlated with poorer survival outcomes, highlighting its association with advanced disease progression.
Article Abstract
Background: Oral hairy leukoplakia (OHL) is a benign hyperplasia of the oral mucosa that is induced by Epstein-Barr virus. It occurs nearly exclusively in men infected with HIV. OHL is a marker of moderate to advanced immunodeficiency and disease progression in patients with HIV infection.
Objective: We attempted to determine the clinical characteristics of OHL in a large group of patients infected with HIV and to analyze its relation to immune status and prognosis.
Methods: A total of 456 patients with HIV-associated skin disorders were evaluated during the years 1982 through 1992. All patients had an oral examination. CD4+ cell counts were obtained within 3 months of the examination.
Results: OHL was diagnosed in 15.6% of 456 patients. The median age of the patients was 35 years. OHL was found most often on the lateral aspect of the tongue; in one patient the lesion covered the entire dorsal surface of the tongue. Significant immunosuppression was present in the majority of patients at the time of OHL diagnosis (median CD4+ T-lymphocyte count, 235/microliter; median CD4+/CD8+ ratio, 0.3). The median survival time was 20 months in patients with OHL. In patients with a higher CD4 cell count (CD4+ T lymphocyte count, > or = 300/microliter) the diagnosis of OHL was associated with shorter survival times (median survival time, 25 months) compared with other patients with HIV (median survival time, 52 months).
Conclusion: OHL is a frequent finding in patients with HIV and indicates advanced immunosuppression. Even in patients with more than 300/microliter CD4+ T lymphocytes, OHL is associated with a poor prognosis.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0190-9622(96)90117-6 | DOI Listing |
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