Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder; the precise cause of it remains elusive. This review summarizes the genetic and non-genetic theories that have been postulated to explain the etiology of this enigmatic condition.
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Copper-Induced Transgenerational Plasticity in Plant Defence Boosts Aphid Fitness.
Plant Cell Environ
January 2025
Institute of Organismic and Molecular Evolution, University of Mainz, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany.
Transgenerational plasticity in plants is an increasingly recognized phenomenon, yet it is mostly unclear whether transgenerational plasticity is relevant to both the fitness of the plant and its interacting species. Using monoclonal strains of the giant duckweed (Spirodela polyrhiza) and its native herbivore, the waterlily aphid (Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae), we assessed whether pre-treating plants with copper excess, both indoors and outdoors, induces transgenerational plasticity in plant defences that alter plant and herbivore fitness. Outdoors, copper pre-treatment tended to increase plant growth rates under recurring copper excess.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFD1 dopamine receptor antagonists as a new therapeutic strategy to treat autistic-like behaviours in lysosomal storage disorders.
Mol Psychiatry
January 2025
Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, Pozzuoli, 80078, Naples, Italy.
Lysosomal storage disorders characterized by defective heparan sulfate (HS) degradation, such as Mucopolysaccharidosis type IIIA-D (MPS-IIIA-D), result in neurodegeneration and dementia in children. However, dementia is preceded by severe autistic-like behaviours (ALBs), presenting as hyperactivity, stereotypies, social interaction deficits, and sleep disturbances. The absence of experimental studies on ALBs' mechanisms in MPS-III has led clinicians to adopt symptomatic treatments, such as antipsychotics, which are used for non-genetic neuropsychiatric disorders.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProfiles of 71 Human Milk Oligosaccharides and Novel Sub-Clusters of Type I Milk: Results from the Ulm SPATZ Health Study.
Nutrients
January 2025
Pediatric Epidemiology, Department of Pediatrics, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr 20a, Haus 6, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Background/objectives: Although approximately 160 human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have been identified, current studies on HMO quantitation are limited to the 10-19 most abundant HMOs. We assessed the variations in the relative concentrations of 71 HMO structures over lactation in human milk samples by an advanced liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach.
Methods: Samples were collected from 64 mothers at 6 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months of lactation in the Ulm SPATZ Health Study, a German birth cohort.
Migraine Genetic Susceptibility Does Not Strongly Influence Migraine Characteristics and Outcomes in a Treated, Real-World, Community Cohort.
J Clin Med
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Endeavor Health, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
: Migraine is a common neurological disorder with highly variable characteristics. While genome-wide association studies have identified genetic risk factors that implicate underlying pathways, the influence of genetic susceptibility on disease characteristics or treatment response is incompletely understood. We examined the relationships between a previously developed standardized integrative migraine polygenic genetic risk score (PRS) and migraine characteristics in a real-world, treated patient cohort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAn epigenetic memory at the CYP1A gene in cancer-resistant, pollution-adapted killifish.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, 97239, Portland, OR, USA.
Human exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) is a significant public health problem that will worsen with a warming climate and increased large-scale wildfires. Here, we characterize an epigenetic memory at the cytochrome P450 1 A (CYP1A) gene in wild Fundulus heteroclitus that have adapted to chronic, extreme PAH pollution. In wild-type fish, CYP1A is highly induced by PAH.
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