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Concept article: Antidepressant-induced destabilization in bipolar illness mediated by serotonin 3 receptor (5HT3).
Bipolar Disord
December 2024
Mood Disorders Research Program, Depression Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.
Objectives: Antidepressants used by patients with bipolar disorder have been associated with destabilization with an increase in mania, depression, and cycling. The most commonly proposed mechanism, that antidepressants 'overshoot' their antidepressant effect to create a manic or mixed state, is unlikely since antidepressants have actually been found to be ineffective in treating bipolar depression. Beginning with known bipolar-specific pathophysiologic abnormalities provides the greatest likelihood of insight.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSubstance Addiction Rehabilitation Drugs.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
May 2024
School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China.
The relapse rate of substance abusers is high, and addiction rehabilitation adjunct drugs need to be developed urgently. There have been numerous reports on blocking the formation of substance addiction, but studies on drugs that can alleviate withdrawal symptoms are very limited. Both the dopamine transporter (DAT) hypothesis and D3 dopamine receptor (D3R) hypothesis are proposed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDorsal raphe serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) neurons are spontaneously active and release 5-HT that is critical to normal brain function such mood and emotion. Serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) increase the synaptic and extracellular 5-HT level and are effective in treating depression. Treatment of two weeks or longer is often required for SSRIs to exert clinical benefits.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPotential Mechanisms of Casein Hexapeptide YPVEPF on Stress-Induced Anxiety and Insomnia Mice and Its Molecular Effects and Key Active Structure.
J Agric Food Chem
March 2024
School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
The hexapeptide YPVEPF with strong sleep-enhancing effects could be detected in rat brain after a single oral administration as we previously proved. In this study, the mechanism and molecular effects of YPVEPF in the targeted stress-induced anxiety mice were first investigated, and its key active structure was further explored. The results showed that YPVEPF could significantly prolong sleep duration and improve the anxiety indexes, including prolonging the time spent in the open arms and in the center.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFModulation of functional networks related to the serotonin neurotransmitter system by citalopram: Evidence from a multimodal neuroimaging study.
J Psychopharmacol
December 2023
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam UMC, location Amsterdam Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Background: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) potentiate serotonergic neurotransmission by blocking the serotonin transporter (5-HTT), but the functional brain response to SSRIs involves neural circuits beyond regions with high 5-HTT expression. Currently, it is unclear whether and how changes in 5-HTT availability after SSRI administration modulate brain function of key serotoninergic circuits, including those characterized by high availability of the serotonin 1A receptor (5-HT1AR).
Aim: We investigated the association between 5-HTT availability and 5-HTT- and 5-HT1AR-enriched functional connectivity (FC) after an acute citalopram challenge.
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