Outcome of isolated coronary artery bypass surgery in octogenarians.

Background: Between 1989 and 1992 100 consecutive patients aged 80 or older underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in our institution. Eighty-six percent had angina grade III or IV symptoms.

Methods: Emergency surgery was required in 31, urgent surgery in 30, and elective surgery in 39 patients. The average left ventricular ejection fractions (LVEF) in these groups were 36%, 43%, and 45% respectively. The operative mortality was 8% for these octogenarians compared to 2% in the younger cohort (p = 0.002). It was zero in elective cases and 13% (8/61) in urgent and emergency cases. It was increased by preoperative admission to coronary care unit (CCU) (p = 0.02), urgency of operation (p = 0.02), the use of intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (p = 0.0002), preoperative renal dysfunction (p < 0.03), and < or = 3 grafts (p < 0.04). The late mortality was increased by LVEF < or = 20% (p = 0.03) and operation from CCU (p < 0.05). On multivariate stepwise logistic regression analysis, the use of IABP (p < 0.0003) and preoperative renal dysfunction (p < 0.02) were independent predictors of operative mortality. LVEF < or = 20% was the only independent predictor (p < 0.02) of late mortality.

Results: Actuarial survival was noted to be 87%, 80%, 77%, and 73%, respectively, at 1, 2, 3, and 4 years, with two cardiac-related late deaths. Long-term follow-up revealed that 97% of patients had no or minimal anginal symptoms.

Conclusions: Due to increasing use of nonsurgical options, the profile of elderly referred for CABG currently involves gravely ill patients with comorbidities. CABG under elective conditions, before deterioration of left ventricular function, can achieve normal life expectancy and good symptomatic relief in octogenarians.