Variations of the arterial and venous pubic anastomoses (APA, VPA) were studied. Forty-four percent of the APA were replaced by an obturator artery arising from the inferior epigastric and 25% by an obturator artery arising from the external iliac. Seven percent of the VPA were replaced by a single obturator vein, 37% by the superior companion of a double obturator vein, and 2% by a double obturator vein. Black South African subjects exhibit a higher incidence of variations of the pubic anastomoses than North American, European and Japanese populations.
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