A 21 cm retroperitoneal cystic mass was excised from a 71 year old woman. The cyst was filled with a hemorrhagic fluid and contained a 5 cm parietal hemorrhagic nodule. On histology, the nodule was composed of a uniform population of round cells arranged in trabeculae and nests. The neoplastic cells were immunoreactive to cytokeratin, EMA, NSE, chromogranin A, pancreatic polypeptide (PP) and Gastrin (G). Ultrastructural observation of neurosecretory granules confirmed the neuroendocrine nature of the tumor. No other lesions were detected and a diagnosis of primary epithelial neuroendocrine tumor was rendered. The histogenesis of the tumor including the possibility of a paraganglionic origin is discussed.
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Article Synopsis
- Aim: The study investigates how cystatin C levels change in patients after laparoscopic and retroperitoneoscopic procedures involving retroperitoneal organs.
- Methods: It involved 162 patients with renal cysts who were categorized based on procedure duration and gas levels, using flow cytometry to measure cystatin C in serum and urine.
- Results: Elevated cystatin C levels were observed after laparoscopic procedures with higher gas pressures; levels returned to normal by day 3, highlighting gas pressure and procedure duration as key risk factors for kidney injury.
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