Previous developmental and reproductive toxicity studies in rats with losartan, a potent AT1-selective angiotensin II (AII) receptor antagonist, correlated maternal treatment during gestation day (GD) 15-20 with irreversible renal abnormalities in the F1 generation (Spence et al., '95a,b). Continued treatment through lactation was also associated with increases in pup mortality and decreases in pup body weights that persisted through weaning. The studies presented here were undertaken to quantify fetal and neonatal exposure to losartan when administered to the dam by oral gavage during early gestation, late gestation, and lactation. Following daily oral dosing of 135 mg/kg/day on GD6-15, fetal drug levels were negligible. However, losartan and its active metabolite, EXP3174 (L-158,641) were readily detectable in fetal plasma on GD 20 (estimated AUC values, 50.70 and 167.70 micrograms/hr/ml, respectively) and maternal milk during lactation (1.61 and 1.67 micrograms/ml, respectively). These studies suggest that the relative increased sensitivity of the fetus as compared to the neonate for losartan-induced renal lesions is related to the degree of exposure which is dependent on the time of administration (early gestation vs. late gestation/lactation) and the route of exposure (transplacental or through the milk). Furthermore, the maximum exposure to losartan and EXP3174 correlates with the ontogeny of the renin angiotensin system on approximately GD 17 and the critical period for losartan-induced renal lesions (GD15-20). The data support the hypothesis that the observed adverse fetal and neonatal effects are pharmacologically mediated, presumably through the lack of AT1 receptor stimulation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1096-9926(199604)53:4<245::AID-TERA7>3.0.CO;2-1 | DOI Listing |
Expert Opin Drug Saf
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Shaoxing Yuecheng District People's Hospital, Shaoxing, China.
Background: Brivaracetam (BRV) is a novel drug for the treatment of epilepsy. This study aimed to detect and characterize adverse events (AEs) associated with BRV from the first quarter of 2016 to the second quarter of 2024 using the U.S.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Pregnancy Childbirth
January 2025
Department of Behavioral and Community Health Sciences, University of Pittsburgh School of Public Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends immediate breastfeeding (within the first hour after birth) and exclusive breastfeeding (for the first six months of life), particularly in low-resource settings such as sub-Saharan Africa. In 2016, WHO updated its antenatal care (ANC) guidelines, recommending at least eight (8+) ANC contacts during pregnancy to improve maternal and child health outcomes. This study investigates i) trends in breastfeeding practices across sub-Saharan Africa following the rollout of the revised WHO 2016 ANC policy and ii) the relationship between ANC uptake and exclusive or early breastfeeding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAustralas J Ageing
March 2025
Faculty of Nutrition, Federal University of Alfenas, Alfenas, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
Objective: Bone mineral density changes during the life span, rising rapidly during adolescence, plateauing around 30 years of age and decreasing in later years. Life events such as pregnancy and lactation temporarily reduce bone density, and their long-term effects on osteoporosis development are still unclear. This study aimed to analyse the association between pregnancy in adolescence and osteoporosis in aged women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Clinical Hereditary Hemolytic Anemia (HAA) particularly Hereditary Spherocytosis (HS) encompasses diverse genetic disorders causing premature red blood cell destruction and intrinsic RBC defects. There's a pressing need for standardized diagnostic protocols tailored to the Asian population, particularly in Saudi Arabia, underscoring the significance of thorough blood biochemistry analysis.
Materials And Methods: A case-control prospective study was conducted at King Abdulaziz University, samples were obtained from King Fahad, hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, serving a significant population, and blood samples from 27 patients meeting ethical criteria for HHA and HS.
Scand J Caring Sci
March 2025
Faculty of Medicine, The Nethersole School of Nursing, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Study Design: Randomised controlled trial.
Methods: Convenience sampling was used to recruit 150 low-risk primiparous mothers, and then they were randomly assigned into intervention and control groups by computerised block randomisation.
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