A new psychophysiological method called "cognitive pupillary oscillation hypothesis" is introduced. Under the influence of a cognitive test (simple calculations) changes of the maximal amplitudes of pupillary oscillations, reflecting central nervous activation, are observed. In healthy subjects a retest reliability of 0.75-0.85 was calculated. Furthermore, the data after FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) of pupillary oscillations of two populations of patients (n = 509 and 396, respectively) showed a high stability. The validity of the method was determined by means of a procedure similar to cross validation. The use of the "cognitive pupillary oscillation hypothesis" for the differential diagnosis between patients with neurotic disorders (ICD 9: 300) (n = 73) and patients with organic brain syndrome (ICD 9: 290, ICD 291.2) (n = 34) is demonstrated.
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J Educ Health Promot
November 2024
Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Techniques of Health of Fez, Fez, Morocco.
Background: Psychological flourishing is a component of positive mental health that characterizes the lives of nursing and health technology students, despite the stressful situations they experience during this training. The objective of this study is to evaluate psychological flourishing and to put the thumb on its importance in the training of nursing and health technique students.
Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was conducted at the two higher institutes of nursing and health technical professions in Fez and Rabat between 1 March and 30 March 2022, using a questionnaire containing socio-demographic characteristics, training characteristics, a perceived stress scale (PSS10) and a psychological flourishing scale.
iScience
January 2025
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 14399-57131, Iran.
Microsaccades, a form of fixational eye movements, help maintain visual stability during stationary observations. This study examines the modulation of microsaccadic rates by various stimulus categories in monkeys and humans during a passive viewing task. Stimulus sets were grouped into four primary categories: human, animal, natural, and man-made.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychon Bull Rev
January 2025
Department of Psychology, McGill University, 2001 Av. McGill College, Montréal, QC, H3A 1G1, Canada.
A growing body of evidence across psychology suggests that (cognitive) effort exertion increases in proximity to a goal state. For instance, previous work has shown that participants respond more quickly, but not less accurately, when they near a goal-as indicated by a filling progress bar. Yet it remains unclear when over the course of a cognitively demanding task do people monitor progress information: Do they continuously monitor their goal progress over the course of a task, or attend more frequently to it as they near their goal? To answer this question, we used eye-tracking to examine trial-by-trial changes in progress monitoring as participants completed blocks of an attentionally demanding oddball task.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
January 2025
Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, P. O. Box 3038, Morogoro, Tanzania.
This study assessed the annual fish consumption among the households in Singida Municipality. This was due to the long-time of unsatisfactory pupil performance in joining secondary schools which may be linked to a lack of Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The study used a questionnaire based on a random household consumer survey of 204 households.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Oral Facial Pain Headache
December 2024
Neuroscience of Emotion Cognition and Nociception Group (NeuroCEN Group), Faculty of Odontology, Complutense University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
The aims of the study are to analyze the influence of pain and no pain expectations on the physiological (electromyography (EMG) and pupillometry) and cognitive (Numerical Rating Scale (NRS)) response to pain. Pain expectation and no pain expectation situations were induced by employing instructional videos. The induction of pain was performed by palpating the masseter with an algometer in a sample of 2 groups: 30 healthy participants (control group) and 30 patients (Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) group) with chronic myofascial pain with referral in the masseter muscle (Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Dissorders (DC/TMD)).
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