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Nucleic Acid Packaging in Viruses.
Subcell Biochem
December 2024
Department of Macromolecular Structure, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
Viruses shield their genetic information by enclosing the viral nucleic acid inside a protein shell (capsid), in a process known as genome packaging. Viruses follow essentially two main strategies to package their genome: Either they co-assemble their genetic material together with the capsid protein or an empty shell (procapsid) is first assembled and then the genome is pumped inside the capsid by a molecular motor that uses the energy released by ATP hydrolysis. During packaging the viral nucleic acid is highly condensed through a meticulous arrangement in concentric layers inside the capsid.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFViral Genomic DNA Packaging Machinery.
Subcell Biochem
July 2024
York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK.
Tailed double-stranded DNA bacteriophage employs a protein terminase motor to package their genome into a preformed protein shell-a system shared with eukaryotic dsDNA viruses such as herpesviruses. DNA packaging motor proteins represent excellent targets for antiviral therapy, with Letermovir, which binds Cytomegalovirus terminase, already licensed as an effective prophylaxis. In the realm of bacterial viruses, these DNA packaging motors comprise three protein constituents: the portal protein, small terminase and large terminase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment of a Real-time Force-based Algorithm for Infusion Failure Detection.
J Diabetes Sci Technol
November 2024
Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Background: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) is a common treatment option for people with diabetes (PWD), but insulin infusion failures pose a significant challenge, leading to hyperglycemia, diabetes burnout, and increased hospitalizations. Current CSII pumps' occlusion alarm systems are limited in detecting infusion failures; therefore, a more effective detection method is needed.
Methods: We conducted five preclinical animal studies to collect data on infusion failures, utilizing both insulin and non-insulin boluses.
Tandem T:Slim X2 Insulin Pump Use in Clinical Practice Among Pregnant Individuals With Type 1 Diabetes: A Retrospective Observational Cohort Study.
Cureus
January 2024
Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, USA.
Background: Insulin pump use is increasing in frequency among pregnant individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Automated insulin delivery (AID) technologies have not been studied extensively in pregnancy.
Method: We present a retrospective case series of eight individuals with T1D who used the Tandem t:slim X2 insulin pump (Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc.
Safety and Efficacy of Sustained Automated Insulin Delivery Compared With Sensor and Pump Therapy in Adults With Type 1 Diabetes at High Risk for Hypoglycemia: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Diabetes Care
December 2023
Center for Diabetes Technology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA.
Article Synopsis
- A study evaluated the safety and effectiveness of automated insulin delivery (AID) in adults with type 1 diabetes (T1D) who are at a high risk of hypoglycemia, enrolling 72 participants who had a history of severe hypoglycemic events.
- Participants were randomly assigned to use either AID technology or traditional continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and insulin pump therapy for 12 weeks, measuring changes in time below range (TBR) and other glucose metrics.
- Results showed that AID significantly reduced TBR by 3.7% and increased time in target range (TIR) by 8.6%, leading to the conclusion that AID is highly recommended for adults with T1D at
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