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Structure and mechanism of vitamin-K-dependent γ-glutamyl carboxylase.
Nature
January 2025
Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
γ-Glutamyl carboxylase (GGCX) is the sole identified enzyme that uses vitamin K (VK) as a cofactor in humans. This protein catalyses the oxidation of VK hydroquinone to convert specific glutamate residues to γ-carboxyglutamate residues in VK-dependent proteins (VDPs), which are involved in various essential biological processes and diseases. However, the working mechanism of GGCX remains unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHuman-derived microRNA 21 regulates indole and L-tryptophan biosynthesis transcripts in the gut commensal .
mBio
January 2025
Centre for Microbiology and Environmental Systems Science, Department of Microbiology and Ecosystem Science, Division of Microbial Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
Unlabelled: In the gut, microRNAs (miRNAs) produced by intestinal epithelial cells are secreted into the lumen and can shape the composition and function of the gut microbiome. Crosstalk between gut microbes and the host plays a key role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel diseases, yet little is known about how the miRNA-gut microbiome axis contributes to the pathogenesis of these conditions. Here, we investigate the ability of miR-21, a miRNA that we found decreased in fecal samples from IBS patients, to associate with and regulate gut microbiome function.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelect microbial metabolites in the small intestinal lumen regulates vagal activity via receptor-mediated signaling.
iScience
February 2025
Department of Integrative Biology & Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
The vagus nerve is proposed to enable communication between the gut microbiome and the brain, but activity-based evidence is lacking. We find that mice reared germ-free exhibit decreased vagal tone relative to colonized controls, which is reversed via microbiota restoration. Perfusing antibiotics into the small intestines of conventional mice, but not germ-free mice, acutely decreases vagal activity which is restored upon re-perfusion with intestinal filtrates from conventional, but not germ-free, mice.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAerolysin Nanopore Electrochemistry.
Acc Chem Res
January 2025
Molecular Sensing and Imaging Center, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
ConspectusIons are the crucial signaling components for living organisms. In cells, their transportation across pore-forming membrane proteins is vital for regulating physiological functions, such as generating ionic current signals in response to target molecule recognition. This ion transport is affected by confined interactions and local environments within the protein pore.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInteractions between gut microbes and host promote degradation of various fiber components in Meishan pigs.
mSystems
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Pig Genetic Resources Evaluation and Utilization (Nanjing), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Swine Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China.
Unlabelled: Although metagenomic investigations into microbial fiber-degrading capabilities are currently prevalent, there is a notable gap in research concerning the regulatory mechanisms underpinning host-microbiota interactions that confer tolerance to high-fiber diets in pigs. In this study, 28 Meishan (MS) and 28 Large White (LW) pigs were subjected to feeding experiments involving various fiber levels. Subsequently, multi-omics was employed to investigate the influence of host-microbiota interactions on the fiber degradation of pigs.
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