An increased pupillary response to a weak solution of tropicamide has recently been suggested to be diagnostic for Alzheimer's disease. If so, it would have far-reaching implications. We performed a masked study involving 17 patients with Alzheimer's disease and 20 mentally healthy controls with respect to the pupillary response induced by tropicamide. We found no significant difference in pupillary dilatation between patients and controls (19.7 +/- 11% versus 19.1 +/- 9%; p = 0.19).
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PLoS One
January 2025
Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.
Altered neural signaling in fibromyalgia syndrome (FM) was investigated with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We employed a novel fMRI network analysis method, Structural and Physiological Modeling (SAPM), which provides more detailed information than previous methods. The study involved brain fMRI data from participants with FM (N = 22) and a control group (HC, N = 18), acquired during a noxious stimulation paradigm.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEur J Pain
March 2025
Department of Life Sciences, South Kensington, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Background: Healthy individuals demonstrate considerable heterogeneity upon dynamic quantitative sensory testing assessment of endogenous pain modulatory mechanisms. For those who stratify into a 'pro-nociceptive profile' cohort, consisting of inefficient conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and elevated temporal summation of pain (TSP), the optimal approach for balancing the net output of pain modulatory processes towards anti-nociception remains unresolved. In this translational healthy human and rat study, we examined whether descending modulation countered spinal amplification during concurrent application of a CPM and TSP paradigm alongside pupillometry since pontine activity was previously linked to functionality of endogenous pain modulatory mechanisms and pupil dilation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Sci
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Traumatic acute subdural hematoma (aSDH) often requires surgical intervention, such as craniotomy, to relieve mass lesions and pressure. The extent of hematoma evacuation significantly impacts patient outcomes. This study utilizes 3D Slicer software to analyse post-craniotomy hematoma volume changes and evaluate their prognostic significance in aSDH patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vis
January 2025
Department of Psychology, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Beyond the light reflex, the pupil responds to various high-level cognitive processes. Multiple statistical regularities of stimuli have been found to modulate the pupillary response. However, most studies have used auditory or visual temporal sequences as stimuli, and it is unknown whether the pupil size is modulated by statistical regularity in the spatial arrangement of stimuli.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFQ J Exp Psychol (Hove)
January 2025
Hearing Aid Laboratory, Northwestern University, Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders Evanston, IL, USA.
Listeners often find themselves in scenarios where speech is disrupted, misperceived, or otherwise difficult to recognize. In these situations, many individuals report exerting additional effort to understand speech, even when repairing speech may be difficult or impossible. This investigation aimed to characterize cognitive effort across time during both sentence listening and a post-sentence retention interval by observing the pupillary response of participants with normal to borderline normal hearing in response to two interrupted speech conditions: sentences interrupted by gaps of silence or bursts of noise.
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