Aspergillosis comprises a spectrum of diseases caused by species of a ubiquitous saprophytic mold, Aspergillus, that usually live on decaying vegetation. Aspergillus organisms rarely behave as pathogens in an immunocompetent host. In the presence of immunosuppression, however, aspergillus may be invasive and take a fulminant course. Aspergillosis is the second most frequent opportunistic fungal infection surpassed only by candidiasis; therefore, early detection and treatment are essential to minimize morbidity and mortality. This article reviews the historical aspects, etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, pathology, and treatment of this disease and focuses on the cutaneous aspects of species of Aspergillus known to infect humans.
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