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Brainstem noradrenergic neurons: Identifying a hub at the intersection of cognition, motility, and skeletal muscle regulation.
Acta Physiol (Oxf)
November 2022
Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine. Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
Brainstem noradrenergic neuron clusters form a node integrating efferents projecting to distinct areas such as those regulating cognition and skeletal muscle structure and function, and receive dissimilar afferents through established circuits to coordinate organismal responses to internal and environmental challenges. Genetic lineage tracing shows the remarkable heterogeneity of brainstem noradrenergic neurons, which may explain their varied functions. They project to the locus coeruleus, the primary source of noradrenaline in the brain, which supports learning and cognition.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChanges in excitability and ion channel expression in neurons of the major pelvic ganglion in female type II diabetic mice.
Auton Neurosci
September 2019
Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA. Electronic address:
Bladder cystopathy and autonomic dysfunction are common complications of diabetes, and have been associated with changes in ganglionic transmission and some measures of neuronal excitability in male mice. To determine whether type II diabetes also impacts excitability of ganglionic neurons in females, we investigated neuronal excitability and firing properties, as well as underlying ion channel expression, in major pelvic ganglion (MPG) neurons in control, 10-week, and 21-week Lepr mice. Type II diabetes in Lepr animals caused a non-linear change in excitability and firing properties of MPG neurons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClinical Problem Solving: A Tobacco Merchant Who Can't Spit.
Isr Med Assoc J
December 2017
Dysautonomia Clinic, Hypertension Unit, Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel Hashomer, Israel.
A 47 year old man presented with a combination of dry mouth and lightheadedness while standing. His medical background was unremarkable except for cigarette smoking and hyperlipidemia. Sjögren's syndrome was ruled out, and he was referred for evaluation of orthostatic hypotension, which by then included syncopal episodes and injuries.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- The role of Pancreatic Polypeptide (PP) in preventing extreme stimulation of the pancreas is highlighted, as its plasma levels increase during acute pancreatitis (AP).
- In chronic alcoholism, the dysfunction of vagal nerves impairs PP secretion, leading to enhanced pancreatic reactivity and complications like cholinergic hypertonus and Vater papilla dysfunction.
- Altered PP dynamics contribute to worse outcomes in acute biliary pancreatitis episodes, suggesting that PP release mechanisms might be similarly affected in various conditions, such as cystic fibrosis and pancreatic ductal blockage.
Differential patterns of regional neuroadrenergic cardiovascular drive in acromegalic disease.
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol
May 2013
Cardiology Department, St. Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milano, Italy.
It has been shown that acromegaly is characterized by an autonomic imbalance and by marked sympathoinhibition. However, there is no information available as to whether adrenergic inhibition is confined to selected vascular districts or, rather, is generalized. We examined 17 newly diagnosed active acromegalic patients without hyperprolactinaemia, pituitary hormone deficiencies, obstructive sleep apnoea and cardiac hypertrophy and 14 healthy subjects matched for age, sex and body mass index.
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